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<p>This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of bioconvective transport in a lid-driven vertical cavity filled with an Ag–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid containing oxytactic microorganisms under the influence of spatially localized magnetic fields. Unlike conventional magnetohydrodynamic analyses that assume uniform magnetic forcing, the present work incorporates discrete horizontal and vertical magnetic strips, producing non-uniform Lorentz forces that significantly alter vortex dynamics and transport mechanisms. The governing equations, formulated using the stream–vorticity approach within a single-phase nanofluid framework, are solved via an efficient Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme. The coupled effects of Reynolds number (Re), Richardson number (Ri), magnetic parameter (Mn), bioconvection Rayleigh number (Rb), and nanoparticle volume fractions are systematically examined. The results reveal that the magnetic parameter significantly suppresses heat transfer, reducing the Nusselt number by about 74%, while having a negligible effect on skin friction. The Reynolds number initially enhances heat transfer by approximately 37%, but further increases lead to a decline due to inertial effects, with only a minor 1.6% reduction in skin friction. In contrast, higher Richardson and bioconvection Rayleigh numbers enhance heat transfer by nearly 11% and 5%, respectively, with negligible impact on wall shear stress. These findings provide new physical insights into the design of advanced thermal systems involving hybrid nanofluids and bioconvective flows, particularly in applications requiring controlled transport such as biomedical devices, microscale cooling systems, and bioengineered reactors.</p>

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Influence of multiple localized magnetic strips on bioconvective transport in a hybrid nanofluid with oxytactic microorganisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Shabbir Ahmad,
  • Nazrul Islam,
  • Hassan Qansh,
  • Farhan Lafta Rashid,
  • Yashar Aryanfar,
  • Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of bioconvective transport in a lid-driven vertical cavity filled with an Ag–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid containing oxytactic microorganisms under the influence of spatially localized magnetic fields. Unlike conventional magnetohydrodynamic analyses that assume uniform magnetic forcing, the present work incorporates discrete horizontal and vertical magnetic strips, producing non-uniform Lorentz forces that significantly alter vortex dynamics and transport mechanisms. The governing equations, formulated using the stream–vorticity approach within a single-phase nanofluid framework, are solved via an efficient Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme. The coupled effects of Reynolds number (Re), Richardson number (Ri), magnetic parameter (Mn), bioconvection Rayleigh number (Rb), and nanoparticle volume fractions are systematically examined. The results reveal that the magnetic parameter significantly suppresses heat transfer, reducing the Nusselt number by about 74%, while having a negligible effect on skin friction. The Reynolds number initially enhances heat transfer by approximately 37%, but further increases lead to a decline due to inertial effects, with only a minor 1.6% reduction in skin friction. In contrast, higher Richardson and bioconvection Rayleigh numbers enhance heat transfer by nearly 11% and 5%, respectively, with negligible impact on wall shear stress. These findings provide new physical insights into the design of advanced thermal systems involving hybrid nanofluids and bioconvective flows, particularly in applications requiring controlled transport such as biomedical devices, microscale cooling systems, and bioengineered reactors.