<p>This study employs a 2D computational investigation of biomagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow in a bifurcated stenotic artery under the influence of inflammation and a magnetic field. The base fluid, blood, is enhanced with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and graphene nanoparticles to examine its flow and heat transfer behavior. The finite element method is used to solve the non-dimensional governing equations for continuity, momentum, and energy. Key parameters stenosis amplitude (30–80%), Hartmann number (0–50), and Reynolds number (100–1000) are examined to assess their influence on velocity, pressure, and thermal characteristics. The results demonstrate that the Nusselt number increases substantially with higher Reynolds and Hartmann values, indicating improved convective heat transport. The average Nusselt number at in Re <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$=300$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>300</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${a}_{m} = 0.5$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.5</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> was increased 25.41 times higher than in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Re = 100$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${a}_{m} = 0.4$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, higher stenosis amplitudes (up to 80%) produce stronger vortex forms and enhanced heat transmission. The magnetic field has a noticeable effect, with the Lorentz force restricting fluid velocity near the walls, hence increasing heat transfer rates. These findings offer essential insights for optimizing heat transport in biological applications, notably in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The use of hybrid nanofluids in these applications shows promise for lowering blood viscosity and improving flow characteristics, both of which are critical in medical and biomedical engineering applications.</p>

Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of blood flow in stenotic artery using the finite element method

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发表日期：

2025年12月6日

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Usman Shafique,
Mansoor Shaukat Khan,
Siddeeq Ahmad,
Shafee Ahmad,
Yasir Ul Umair Bin Turabi

摘要

This study employs a 2D computational investigation of biomagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow in a bifurcated stenotic artery under the influence of inflammation and a magnetic field. The base fluid, blood, is enhanced with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and graphene nanoparticles to examine its flow and heat transfer behavior. The finite element method is used to solve the non-dimensional governing equations for continuity, momentum, and energy. Key parameters stenosis amplitude (30–80%), Hartmann number (0–50), and Reynolds number (100–1000) are examined to assess their influence on velocity, pressure, and thermal characteristics. The results demonstrate that the Nusselt number increases substantially with higher Reynolds and Hartmann values, indicating improved convective heat transport. The average Nusselt number at in Re $=300$ $= 300$ and ${a}_{m} = 0.5$ $a_{m} = 0.5$ was increased 25.41 times higher than in $Re = 100$ $R e = 100$ and ${a}_{m} = 0.4$ $a_{m} = 0.4$ . Furthermore, higher stenosis amplitudes (up to 80%) produce stronger vortex forms and enhanced heat transmission. The magnetic field has a noticeable effect, with the Lorentz force restricting fluid velocity near the walls, hence increasing heat transfer rates. These findings offer essential insights for optimizing heat transport in biological applications, notably in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The use of hybrid nanofluids in these applications shows promise for lowering blood viscosity and improving flow characteristics, both of which are critical in medical and biomedical engineering applications.