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<p>Serious economic and environmental concerns in the context of sustainable development in construction caused the utilization of industrial by-products as aggregate has gained great attention. This study seeks to address the lack of data on the effects of copper slag (CS) content, NaOH concentration and Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>/NaOH (NS/NH) ratio on the technical performance and gamma ray shielding capacity of geopolymer mortar (GPM). In this respect, eight GPM mixtures at different CS replacement levels (0%, 50% and 100%), NaOH concentrations (6&#xa0;M, 8&#xa0;M, 10&#xa0;M, 12&#xa0;M) and NS/NH ratios (0.5, 1.5, 2.5) were made and evaluated for compressive and flexural strengths, SEM/EDX evaluation, absorption, sorptivity and gamma-ray attenuation. According to the results, the utilization of CS at 100% substitution of natural sand can increase the 28 days compressive and flexural strengths by 28.3% and 23.9% and reduce the absorption and sorptivity of plain GPM by 35.2% and 43.8%, respectively. SEM/EDX evaluation confirmed the improved microstructure of CS-incorporated GPM prepared with optimum NaOH concentration (10&#xa0;M) and NS/NH ratio (1.5), as an indication of the higher compressive strength and enhanced durability indexes. Results also show that the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the GPMs in the presence of 100% CS aggregate, after gamma-ray irradiation using <sup>60</sup>Co sources with gamma energies of 1173 and 1332&#xa0;keV is improved by 9.48% and 8.52% due to the high Fe content of CS aggregate. Meanwhile, depending on the gamma energy of the ⁶⁰Co source, using the optimum NaOH concentration and NS/NH ratio changed the LAC of GPMs by up to 1.27% and 3.2%, respectively.</p>

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Technical performance and gamma-ray shielding of geopolymer mortar containing copper slag: effects of NaOH concentration and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Ahmad Almasi,
  • S. Yasin Mousavi,
  • Omid N. Ghodsi,
  • Vahid Zanganeh

摘要

Serious economic and environmental concerns in the context of sustainable development in construction caused the utilization of industrial by-products as aggregate has gained great attention. This study seeks to address the lack of data on the effects of copper slag (CS) content, NaOH concentration and Na2SiO3/NaOH (NS/NH) ratio on the technical performance and gamma ray shielding capacity of geopolymer mortar (GPM). In this respect, eight GPM mixtures at different CS replacement levels (0%, 50% and 100%), NaOH concentrations (6 M, 8 M, 10 M, 12 M) and NS/NH ratios (0.5, 1.5, 2.5) were made and evaluated for compressive and flexural strengths, SEM/EDX evaluation, absorption, sorptivity and gamma-ray attenuation. According to the results, the utilization of CS at 100% substitution of natural sand can increase the 28 days compressive and flexural strengths by 28.3% and 23.9% and reduce the absorption and sorptivity of plain GPM by 35.2% and 43.8%, respectively. SEM/EDX evaluation confirmed the improved microstructure of CS-incorporated GPM prepared with optimum NaOH concentration (10 M) and NS/NH ratio (1.5), as an indication of the higher compressive strength and enhanced durability indexes. Results also show that the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the GPMs in the presence of 100% CS aggregate, after gamma-ray irradiation using 60Co sources with gamma energies of 1173 and 1332 keV is improved by 9.48% and 8.52% due to the high Fe content of CS aggregate. Meanwhile, depending on the gamma energy of the ⁶⁰Co source, using the optimum NaOH concentration and NS/NH ratio changed the LAC of GPMs by up to 1.27% and 3.2%, respectively.