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<p>In this study, we investigate the flow and heat transmission characteristics of a Cu–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O hybrid nanofluid (HNF) over a porous stretching sheet taking into account temperature dependent viscosity and viscous dissipation. The dispersion of various nanomaterials within a base fluid to form hybrid nanofluids significantly enhances thermal conductivity, enhancing their effectiveness for industrial applications such as coating processes and polymer extrusion. The stretching sheet propels fluid motion while the porous medium causes intricate interactions between flow dynamics and heat transmission. To better depict the thermophysical behavior of fluids under various thermal settings, the study combines temperature-dependent viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the Prandtl number. This work involves suspending alumina Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and copper Cu nanoparticles in water (H<sub>2</sub>O) and applying similarity transformations to convert the controlling partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The numerical solution of these equations is obtained using the spectral collocation method with Legendre Wavelets (SCMLW). The results show that raising temperature reduces viscosity by 21.3%, improving the velocity profile while weakening the momentum boundary layer. Viscous dissipation contributes to a 28.7% increase in local fluid temperature at the surface, which thickens the thermal boundary layer and reduces cooling potential. Furthermore, the addition of hybrid nanoparticles enhances the Nusselt number by 24.5% and the skin friction coefficient by 16.8% when compared to standard nanofluids (NFs). The interaction of variable viscosity, porous medium permeability and viscous dissipation dramatically modifies flow and thermal behaviour emphasizing the promise of hybrid nanofluids for effective thermal management in porous structures. These developments are important for optimizing thermal management systems, such as porous media cooling, electronic device thermal control, and energy systems that use variable property fluids.</p>

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Impact of variable fluid properties and viscous dissipation on hybrid nanofluid (Cu–Al2O3/H2O) flow past a porous stretching sheet

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Tasawar Abbas,
  • Salma Khalil,
  • Fouzia Abdul Sattar

摘要

In this study, we investigate the flow and heat transmission characteristics of a Cu–Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid (HNF) over a porous stretching sheet taking into account temperature dependent viscosity and viscous dissipation. The dispersion of various nanomaterials within a base fluid to form hybrid nanofluids significantly enhances thermal conductivity, enhancing their effectiveness for industrial applications such as coating processes and polymer extrusion. The stretching sheet propels fluid motion while the porous medium causes intricate interactions between flow dynamics and heat transmission. To better depict the thermophysical behavior of fluids under various thermal settings, the study combines temperature-dependent viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the Prandtl number. This work involves suspending alumina Al2O3 and copper Cu nanoparticles in water (H2O) and applying similarity transformations to convert the controlling partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The numerical solution of these equations is obtained using the spectral collocation method with Legendre Wavelets (SCMLW). The results show that raising temperature reduces viscosity by 21.3%, improving the velocity profile while weakening the momentum boundary layer. Viscous dissipation contributes to a 28.7% increase in local fluid temperature at the surface, which thickens the thermal boundary layer and reduces cooling potential. Furthermore, the addition of hybrid nanoparticles enhances the Nusselt number by 24.5% and the skin friction coefficient by 16.8% when compared to standard nanofluids (NFs). The interaction of variable viscosity, porous medium permeability and viscous dissipation dramatically modifies flow and thermal behaviour emphasizing the promise of hybrid nanofluids for effective thermal management in porous structures. These developments are important for optimizing thermal management systems, such as porous media cooling, electronic device thermal control, and energy systems that use variable property fluids.