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<p>Addressing energy shortages due to rising costs and economic challenges is critical for many nations, especially those lacking abundant fossil fuel resources. Countries rely heavily on solar-dependent sources to meet their energy needs, impacting their global development prospects. In this study, we focus on optimizing a photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) to maximize both thermal and electrical output. This optimization involves using ternary hybrid nanofluids and paraffin wax as the phase change material (PCM). The setup includes a three-dimensional rectangular block with rotational cylinders facilitating nanofluid passage. The nanofluids consist of alumina, copper, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), and water as the base fluid. Numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 employ a conjugate heat transfer interface, addressing fluid dynamics and heat transfer comprehensively. The PV-panel configuration includes a glass layer, silicon, and an absorber. Key parameters studied include Reynolds number (100–2000), rotational speed of cylinders (0.1–0.4&#xa0;m/s), nanomaterial shape factor (3–8.9), volume fraction (0.01–0.1), and PCM phase transition. Results show a maximum thermal efficiency of 84.634% with spherical nanoparticles at Re = 1000 and 0.4&#xa0;m/s rotational speed. The maximum electrical efficiency achieved is approximately 8.2715% at Re = 2000, using spherical nanoparticles and a 0.1&#xa0;m/s rotational speed.</p>

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Performance enhancement of 3D photovoltaic thermal systems using ternary hybrid nanofluids, phase change materials, and rotational cylinders

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月25日

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  • Amanullah Phulpoto,
  • P. Divya,
  • Abid A. Memon,
  • K. Loganathan,
  • M. Asif Memon,
  • Divya Haridas,
  • Amsalu Fenta

摘要

Addressing energy shortages due to rising costs and economic challenges is critical for many nations, especially those lacking abundant fossil fuel resources. Countries rely heavily on solar-dependent sources to meet their energy needs, impacting their global development prospects. In this study, we focus on optimizing a photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) to maximize both thermal and electrical output. This optimization involves using ternary hybrid nanofluids and paraffin wax as the phase change material (PCM). The setup includes a three-dimensional rectangular block with rotational cylinders facilitating nanofluid passage. The nanofluids consist of alumina, copper, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), and water as the base fluid. Numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 employ a conjugate heat transfer interface, addressing fluid dynamics and heat transfer comprehensively. The PV-panel configuration includes a glass layer, silicon, and an absorber. Key parameters studied include Reynolds number (100–2000), rotational speed of cylinders (0.1–0.4 m/s), nanomaterial shape factor (3–8.9), volume fraction (0.01–0.1), and PCM phase transition. Results show a maximum thermal efficiency of 84.634% with spherical nanoparticles at Re = 1000 and 0.4 m/s rotational speed. The maximum electrical efficiency achieved is approximately 8.2715% at Re = 2000, using spherical nanoparticles and a 0.1 m/s rotational speed.