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<p>The incorporation of nanoparticles into pure fluids significantly enhances their heat and mass transfer characteristics, making them highly effective for applications in thermal management systems, heat exchangers, and cooling mechanisms. In the current study, we investigate the 3D bioconvective Casson hybrid nanofluid over a porous stretched surface with variable thermal conductivity and microorganisms. The water is considered a base fluid, while zinc (Zn) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) are nanoparticles. Through the use of similarity variables, the partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into a system of first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The well-known shooting method and MATLAB are used for both numerical and graphical answers. Our results demonstrate strong agreement with previously published studies, validating the accuracy of our approach. Various dimensionless parameters, including the Casson fluid parameter, rotational parameter, porosity parameter, mass flux parameter, and Darcy–Forchheimer number, significantly influence the momentum, concentration, temperature, and microorganism profiles. Notably, increasing the mass flux parameter (S) from 0.3 to 0.7 results in a remarkable 93.67% enhancement in heat transfer rate, while an increase in the thermal conductivity parameter (ϵ) from 2.0 to 4.0 leads to a 13.04% improvement. These findings underscore the potential of hybrid nanofluids in optimizing thermal performance across various engineering applications. </p>

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Bio-convective flow of magnetized Casson Zn-SiO2/H2O hybrid nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity, radiation and particle shape: Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • Muhammad Umar Farooq,
  • Aaqib Majeed,
  • Taoufik Saidani

摘要

The incorporation of nanoparticles into pure fluids significantly enhances their heat and mass transfer characteristics, making them highly effective for applications in thermal management systems, heat exchangers, and cooling mechanisms. In the current study, we investigate the 3D bioconvective Casson hybrid nanofluid over a porous stretched surface with variable thermal conductivity and microorganisms. The water is considered a base fluid, while zinc (Zn) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) are nanoparticles. Through the use of similarity variables, the partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into a system of first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The well-known shooting method and MATLAB are used for both numerical and graphical answers. Our results demonstrate strong agreement with previously published studies, validating the accuracy of our approach. Various dimensionless parameters, including the Casson fluid parameter, rotational parameter, porosity parameter, mass flux parameter, and Darcy–Forchheimer number, significantly influence the momentum, concentration, temperature, and microorganism profiles. Notably, increasing the mass flux parameter (S) from 0.3 to 0.7 results in a remarkable 93.67% enhancement in heat transfer rate, while an increase in the thermal conductivity parameter (ϵ) from 2.0 to 4.0 leads to a 13.04% improvement. These findings underscore the potential of hybrid nanofluids in optimizing thermal performance across various engineering applications.