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<p>Reusing waste materials such as crushed glass (CG) in geotechnical applications presents a promising and environmentally sustainable approach to improve the geotechnical engineering properties of soft soils. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis to assess the influence of varying the content of CG on the failure tensile load of single piles in Kaolin clay. The investigation included a wide range of CG ratios, ranging from 10 to 50% in 10% increments. Thirty physical modelling tests were performed, considering various amounts of CG and pile diameters ranging from 10 to 50&#xa0;cm. The clay soil samples were mixed with CG, and the mixtures were consolidated to achieve homogeneity with an average shear strength of 10&#xa0;kPa. Additionally, the <i>Optum</i><sup><i>G2</i></sup> and <i>Optum</i><sup><i>G3</i></sup> software packages were used to simulate the stabilisation process using the 2D and 3D Finite Element Method (FEM). The findings of this study indicate that adding CG to Kaolin clay can enhance the stress–strain behaviour of the soil, which leads to a significant increase in the tensile failure load. The results suggest that adding CG to Kaolin soil alters its characteristics from cohesive to more granular. Moreover, 40–50% CG significantly enhances the skin friction between the pile and soil. Furthermore, the 2D FEM modeling accurately simulated the stabilisation process, while the 3D modeling overestimated the tensile failure load. Extending the analysis to pile groups, a case study of a 4 × 4 pile configuration demonstrated the broader implications of CG improvement, resulting in a 27.4% enhancement in pile group tensile capacity.</p>

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Tensile capacity enhancement of piles in Kaolin clay using recycled crushed glass: physical modelling and numerical analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Mohamed Ahmed Hafez,
  • Shin To Amiri,
  • Ali Dehghanbanadaki,
  • Shervin Motamedi,
  • Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid,
  • Iman Golpazir

摘要

Reusing waste materials such as crushed glass (CG) in geotechnical applications presents a promising and environmentally sustainable approach to improve the geotechnical engineering properties of soft soils. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis to assess the influence of varying the content of CG on the failure tensile load of single piles in Kaolin clay. The investigation included a wide range of CG ratios, ranging from 10 to 50% in 10% increments. Thirty physical modelling tests were performed, considering various amounts of CG and pile diameters ranging from 10 to 50 cm. The clay soil samples were mixed with CG, and the mixtures were consolidated to achieve homogeneity with an average shear strength of 10 kPa. Additionally, the OptumG2 and OptumG3 software packages were used to simulate the stabilisation process using the 2D and 3D Finite Element Method (FEM). The findings of this study indicate that adding CG to Kaolin clay can enhance the stress–strain behaviour of the soil, which leads to a significant increase in the tensile failure load. The results suggest that adding CG to Kaolin soil alters its characteristics from cohesive to more granular. Moreover, 40–50% CG significantly enhances the skin friction between the pile and soil. Furthermore, the 2D FEM modeling accurately simulated the stabilisation process, while the 3D modeling overestimated the tensile failure load. Extending the analysis to pile groups, a case study of a 4 × 4 pile configuration demonstrated the broader implications of CG improvement, resulting in a 27.4% enhancement in pile group tensile capacity.