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<p>The Darcy–Forchheimer stream of hyperbolic tangent hybrid nanoliquid over a stretchable sheet with linear and quadratic thermal radiation is analyzed in this study. Moreover, the flow is subjected to a magnetic field with viscous dissipation through Darcy–Forchheimer porous media. The investigation of thermal effects in extensive temperature flow systems reveals that thermal radiation is crucial for the development of dependable facilities, nuclear power plants, internal combustion engines, rockets, satellites, and other spacecraft propulsion systems. Furthermore, the suspension of the MoS<sub>2</sub> and Ag nanoparticles in the ethylene glycol water (50%–50%) is considered. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriate similarity variables. Further, the Runge Kutta Fehlberg fourth-fifth order (RKF-45) procedure is applied to solve the resultant ODEs. The outcomes of the present research are shown with the aid of graphical illustrations. The results show a substantial retardation in the velocity of the hyperbolic tangent liquid for both the Weissenberg number and power law index. The heat transfer rate is increased by a maximum of 4.28% for forced convection, 10.15% for natural convection, and 139.78% for mixed convection when quadratic thermal radiation is used. Quadratic thermal radiation achieves the largest improvement in both velocity and temperature. A decrease in heat dissipation due to Eckert number results in thermal enhancement of the fluid. When the Richardson number is less than 0.1, the skin friction coefficient can be minimized up to 0.07%. The Forchheimer parameter negatively impacts the velocity distribution.</p>

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Thermal scrutinization of MHD Darcy–Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanofluid over a stretching sheet with Richardson number and quadratic thermal radiation: hyperbolic tangent model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月8日

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  • K. Preethi,
  • B. N. Hanumagowda,
  • K. M. Pavithra,
  • S. V. K. Varma,
  • Vikasdeep Singh Mann,
  • Rahul Singh,
  • Prateek Kattimani

摘要

The Darcy–Forchheimer stream of hyperbolic tangent hybrid nanoliquid over a stretchable sheet with linear and quadratic thermal radiation is analyzed in this study. Moreover, the flow is subjected to a magnetic field with viscous dissipation through Darcy–Forchheimer porous media. The investigation of thermal effects in extensive temperature flow systems reveals that thermal radiation is crucial for the development of dependable facilities, nuclear power plants, internal combustion engines, rockets, satellites, and other spacecraft propulsion systems. Furthermore, the suspension of the MoS2 and Ag nanoparticles in the ethylene glycol water (50%–50%) is considered. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriate similarity variables. Further, the Runge Kutta Fehlberg fourth-fifth order (RKF-45) procedure is applied to solve the resultant ODEs. The outcomes of the present research are shown with the aid of graphical illustrations. The results show a substantial retardation in the velocity of the hyperbolic tangent liquid for both the Weissenberg number and power law index. The heat transfer rate is increased by a maximum of 4.28% for forced convection, 10.15% for natural convection, and 139.78% for mixed convection when quadratic thermal radiation is used. Quadratic thermal radiation achieves the largest improvement in both velocity and temperature. A decrease in heat dissipation due to Eckert number results in thermal enhancement of the fluid. When the Richardson number is less than 0.1, the skin friction coefficient can be minimized up to 0.07%. The Forchheimer parameter negatively impacts the velocity distribution.