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<p>Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) limits dimensional changes in alveolar bone after extraction. This study aims to evaluate tissue response to biphasic-calcium-phosphate ceramics (BCP) with different hydration methodologies used for ARP. Sixty patients willing for treatment were randomly allocated into two test groups and control. Test group-1 (<i>n</i> = 20) received graft hydrated with saline for ARP, whereas test group-2 (<i>n</i> = 20) received graft hydrated with blood. In control (<i>n</i> = 20), extraction sockets were allowed to heal without further intervention. Clinically (mesial ridge height-MRH, distal ridge height-DRH, ridge width-RW) and radiologically (Apico-coronal dimension-ACD) parameters were recorded at baseline and after four months. Bone collected using trephine burs at four months was evaluated semi-quantitatively in terms of histological and immunohistochemical parameters to assess for osteopontin (OPN) expression in all groups. Based on the normality assumption MRH, DRH, RW and ACD were compared by using a paired-t test to make a comparison between the initial and 4-month values. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the mean difference between test groups and control. Test group-1 showed a significant decrease in ACD (1.4&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), bone gain in MRH (0.3&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) and RW (0.775&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) and bone loss in DRH (1.5&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) at four months. Test group-2 showed vertical bone gain at four months mesially (1.2&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) and distally (0.74&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), but a decrease in RW (0.21&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) and ACD (1.37&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed newly formed bone, residual graft material and well-vascularized uninflamed connective tissue. OPN expression was significantly higher in test group-1 compared to test group-2 and control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that ARP using BCP hydrated with saline may depict the preservation of bone horizontally and vertically. This study highlights the significance of the hydration method of graft on bone preservation clinically, radiologically and histologically.</p>

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Clinical, radiographical and histological evaluation of alveolar ridge preservation with different hydration methods of synthetic graft: a randomized controlled clinical trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月17日

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  • Neelofer,
  • Afaf Zia,
  • Afshan Bey,
  • Kafil Akhtar,
  • S. S. Ahmed,
  • FNK Yusufi,
  • Faiyaz Ahmed

摘要

Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) limits dimensional changes in alveolar bone after extraction. This study aims to evaluate tissue response to biphasic-calcium-phosphate ceramics (BCP) with different hydration methodologies used for ARP. Sixty patients willing for treatment were randomly allocated into two test groups and control. Test group-1 (n = 20) received graft hydrated with saline for ARP, whereas test group-2 (n = 20) received graft hydrated with blood. In control (n = 20), extraction sockets were allowed to heal without further intervention. Clinically (mesial ridge height-MRH, distal ridge height-DRH, ridge width-RW) and radiologically (Apico-coronal dimension-ACD) parameters were recorded at baseline and after four months. Bone collected using trephine burs at four months was evaluated semi-quantitatively in terms of histological and immunohistochemical parameters to assess for osteopontin (OPN) expression in all groups. Based on the normality assumption MRH, DRH, RW and ACD were compared by using a paired-t test to make a comparison between the initial and 4-month values. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the mean difference between test groups and control. Test group-1 showed a significant decrease in ACD (1.4 mm, p < 0.05), bone gain in MRH (0.3 mm, p > 0.05) and RW (0.775 mm, p > 0.05) and bone loss in DRH (1.5 mm, p > 0.05) at four months. Test group-2 showed vertical bone gain at four months mesially (1.2 mm, p > 0.05) and distally (0.74 mm, p > 0.05), but a decrease in RW (0.21 mm, p > 0.05) and ACD (1.37 mm, p > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed newly formed bone, residual graft material and well-vascularized uninflamed connective tissue. OPN expression was significantly higher in test group-1 compared to test group-2 and control (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that ARP using BCP hydrated with saline may depict the preservation of bone horizontally and vertically. This study highlights the significance of the hydration method of graft on bone preservation clinically, radiologically and histologically.