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<p>This study critically explores Fire Certificate (FC) compliance as a life-cycle reliability assurance mechanism in Fire Safety Management (FSM) by analysing the practice gaps between certified and non-certified Malaysian industries under the authority of the Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia (JBPM). Employing an integrative literature review structured around the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, the research identifies core differences across three pivotal domains: Preventive Barrier Reliability (PBR), Prevention Maintenance Reliability (PMR), and Regulatory Compliance Reliability (RCR). The findings revealed that certified industries demonstrated higher levels of regulatory compliance, structured risk assessment practices, and greater awareness of fire safety standards. In contrast, non-certified industries often face multifaceted barriers, including inadequate technical capacity, limited financial resources, and deficient integration of safety culture. This study provides novel insights by adopting a reliability-focused perspective to examine how preventive design, operational control, and institutional governance influence the reliability and availability of fire safety functions throughout the system life cycle. The review highlights that systematic risk identification and continuous reliability testing are essential for improving FC achievement and FSM maturity. Strategic recommendations include integrating risk-based inspections, adopting digital monitoring for condition-based reliability assessment and early degradation detection, and enhancing regulatory capacity through targeted training and stricter enforcement of regulatory practices. Ultimately, this framework provides a foundation for enhancing industrial resilience, with implications for comparable industrial regulatory systems in developing and transitional economies.</p>

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A critical review of gap analysis of fire certificate among industries in Malaysia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Ashraf Izwan Amdan,
  • Abd Fathul Hakim Zulkifli,
  • Nurrul Hafeezah Sahak,
  • Amir Haziq Abdul Razak

摘要

This study critically explores Fire Certificate (FC) compliance as a life-cycle reliability assurance mechanism in Fire Safety Management (FSM) by analysing the practice gaps between certified and non-certified Malaysian industries under the authority of the Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia (JBPM). Employing an integrative literature review structured around the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, the research identifies core differences across three pivotal domains: Preventive Barrier Reliability (PBR), Prevention Maintenance Reliability (PMR), and Regulatory Compliance Reliability (RCR). The findings revealed that certified industries demonstrated higher levels of regulatory compliance, structured risk assessment practices, and greater awareness of fire safety standards. In contrast, non-certified industries often face multifaceted barriers, including inadequate technical capacity, limited financial resources, and deficient integration of safety culture. This study provides novel insights by adopting a reliability-focused perspective to examine how preventive design, operational control, and institutional governance influence the reliability and availability of fire safety functions throughout the system life cycle. The review highlights that systematic risk identification and continuous reliability testing are essential for improving FC achievement and FSM maturity. Strategic recommendations include integrating risk-based inspections, adopting digital monitoring for condition-based reliability assessment and early degradation detection, and enhancing regulatory capacity through targeted training and stricter enforcement of regulatory practices. Ultimately, this framework provides a foundation for enhancing industrial resilience, with implications for comparable industrial regulatory systems in developing and transitional economies.