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<p>Women’s independent urban mobility in India is often constrained not by the availability of transport services, but by persistent concerns related to safety, trust, and accountability. This paper presents a trust-aware and safety-constrained mobility framework, instantiated through a women-centric system referred to as <i>TravelPal</i>, which treats safety as a foundational architectural constraint rather than a post-hoc feature. Unlike conventional ride-hailing systems that prioritize cost or travel time, the proposed approach integrates multi-dimensional trust assessment with compatibility-first ride coordination to reduce perceived risk during both solo and shared travel. The framework is evaluated using an agent-based simulation calibrated to metropolitan travel conditions inspired by the Delhi NCR region. Simulation outcomes indicate sustained growth in female rider participation over a 6-month horizon, alongside measurable improvements in solo travel frequency and vehicle occupancy. Importantly, these efficiency gains emerge without relaxing safety constraints, suggesting that trust-aware coordination can support both equity and operational performance. While the findings are based on simulated projections, they provide directional evidence that embedding trust and safety at the architectural level can meaningfully influence mobility behavior and platform sustainability. The study concludes by outlining a phased roadmap for empirical validation and real-world deployment.</p>

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Trust-aware urban mobility modeling for women: a safety-constrained simulation study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Manish Kumar,
  • Harsh Sachan,
  • Om Mishra,
  • Praduman Singh,
  • Anuj Kumar Dwivedi

摘要

Women’s independent urban mobility in India is often constrained not by the availability of transport services, but by persistent concerns related to safety, trust, and accountability. This paper presents a trust-aware and safety-constrained mobility framework, instantiated through a women-centric system referred to as TravelPal, which treats safety as a foundational architectural constraint rather than a post-hoc feature. Unlike conventional ride-hailing systems that prioritize cost or travel time, the proposed approach integrates multi-dimensional trust assessment with compatibility-first ride coordination to reduce perceived risk during both solo and shared travel. The framework is evaluated using an agent-based simulation calibrated to metropolitan travel conditions inspired by the Delhi NCR region. Simulation outcomes indicate sustained growth in female rider participation over a 6-month horizon, alongside measurable improvements in solo travel frequency and vehicle occupancy. Importantly, these efficiency gains emerge without relaxing safety constraints, suggesting that trust-aware coordination can support both equity and operational performance. While the findings are based on simulated projections, they provide directional evidence that embedding trust and safety at the architectural level can meaningfully influence mobility behavior and platform sustainability. The study concludes by outlining a phased roadmap for empirical validation and real-world deployment.