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<p>This paper presents a robustness evaluation of a modified Color Reversible Steganography (CRS) scheme under various noise-induced distortions across multiple color spaces namely, Grayscale, RGB, CMY, YIQ, HSI, and YCbCr. Using standard test images, the method’s performance is assessed through Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) in both clean and noisy environments. In noise-free conditions, the YIQ color space demonstrates superior visual fidelity with PSNR greater than 40 dB and SSIM approximately equal <b>to</b> 0.998. Under Gaussian, Salt &amp; Pepper, and Poisson noise, YIQ consistently outperforms others, retaining PSNR up to 31.12 dB and SSIM up to 0.986. Poisson noise causes minimal degradation, while Salt &amp; Pepper has the most impact. Results confirm the enhanced imperceptibility and resilience of the proposed CRS approach, especially in the YIQ domain, making it well-suited for reliable and secure steganographic applications in real-world noisy environments.</p>

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Robustness evaluation of modified CRS-based reversible image steganography under noise-induced distortions using color space analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • D. Shahi,
  • R. S. Vinod Kumar,
  • A. R. Bushara,
  • G. Deepa

摘要

This paper presents a robustness evaluation of a modified Color Reversible Steganography (CRS) scheme under various noise-induced distortions across multiple color spaces namely, Grayscale, RGB, CMY, YIQ, HSI, and YCbCr. Using standard test images, the method’s performance is assessed through Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) in both clean and noisy environments. In noise-free conditions, the YIQ color space demonstrates superior visual fidelity with PSNR greater than 40 dB and SSIM approximately equal to 0.998. Under Gaussian, Salt & Pepper, and Poisson noise, YIQ consistently outperforms others, retaining PSNR up to 31.12 dB and SSIM up to 0.986. Poisson noise causes minimal degradation, while Salt & Pepper has the most impact. Results confirm the enhanced imperceptibility and resilience of the proposed CRS approach, especially in the YIQ domain, making it well-suited for reliable and secure steganographic applications in real-world noisy environments.