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<p>In the era of pervasive communication, protecting visual information against unauthorized access is vital for maintaining privacy and securing intellectual assets. Image encryption is essential for protecting sensitive visual data during storage and transmission, ensuring data integrity, and compliance with security standards in applications such as healthcare, surveillance, and digital communications. This paper presents an approach for image encryption named Hessian-Driven Adaptive Cumulative Encryption (HDACE) and it enhances security by integrating second-order derivative features into the encryption process. By leveraging the Hessian-based structural information, HDACE adaptively strengthens the diffusion mechanism to improve resistance against differential attacks. The proposed algorithm is evaluated through statistical, differential, and efficiency metrics. Experimental results demonstrate strong security performance, with an improved Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR) of 99.41% and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) of 32.37%, confirming its effectiveness and robustness in secure image encryption.</p>

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Image encryption via second-order derivative structures: a Hessian-based approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月12日

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  • G. Balayogi,
  • A. Vijaya Lakshmi

摘要

In the era of pervasive communication, protecting visual information against unauthorized access is vital for maintaining privacy and securing intellectual assets. Image encryption is essential for protecting sensitive visual data during storage and transmission, ensuring data integrity, and compliance with security standards in applications such as healthcare, surveillance, and digital communications. This paper presents an approach for image encryption named Hessian-Driven Adaptive Cumulative Encryption (HDACE) and it enhances security by integrating second-order derivative features into the encryption process. By leveraging the Hessian-based structural information, HDACE adaptively strengthens the diffusion mechanism to improve resistance against differential attacks. The proposed algorithm is evaluated through statistical, differential, and efficiency metrics. Experimental results demonstrate strong security performance, with an improved Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR) of 99.41% and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) of 32.37%, confirming its effectiveness and robustness in secure image encryption.