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<p>This study collected offline samples of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) from 2019 to 2020 at three functional sites (HQ, ZL, and XH) in a coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The spatiotemporal variations in PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentration and major chemical components were investigated, and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was applied to estimate source contributions. During the sampling period, PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations at the three sites showed seasonal differences, with higher concentrations in autumn and lower concentrations in summer. The average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations across the three sites followed the order of ZL (39.5&#xa0;µg/m<sup>3</sup>) &gt; HQ (37.2&#xa0;µg/m<sup>3</sup>) &gt; XH (36.2&#xa0;µg/m<sup>3</sup>) during the sampling period. Organic carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium were the dominant chemical components, together accounting for 50%-63% of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass during the sampling period. As air quality changed from excellent to lightly polluted conditions, nitrate showed the most pronounced increase among the measured components at the three sites, with its proportion increasing by 19%-22%. Source apportionment results during the sampling period suggested that ship emission was a non-negligible contributor in summer, while vehicle exhaust was the most important source of PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the investigated sites during autumn and winter. For the sampled periods, the results of source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> indicated that vehicle exhaust made the largest contribution at the urban site (HQ, 28%). Coal combustion showed the highest relative contribution at ZL (21%), while transported industrial emissions were most prominent at XH (32%).</p>

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Characterization and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 Pollution in Different Functional Areas in a Coastal City in Eastern China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Yiwei Huang,
  • Mengjie Zhou,
  • Zhuzi Zhao,
  • Dong Chen

摘要

This study collected offline samples of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from 2019 to 2020 at three functional sites (HQ, ZL, and XH) in a coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The spatiotemporal variations in PM2.5 mass concentration and major chemical components were investigated, and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was applied to estimate source contributions. During the sampling period, PM2.5 concentrations at the three sites showed seasonal differences, with higher concentrations in autumn and lower concentrations in summer. The average PM2.5 concentrations across the three sites followed the order of ZL (39.5 µg/m3) > HQ (37.2 µg/m3) > XH (36.2 µg/m3) during the sampling period. Organic carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium were the dominant chemical components, together accounting for 50%-63% of the PM2.5 mass during the sampling period. As air quality changed from excellent to lightly polluted conditions, nitrate showed the most pronounced increase among the measured components at the three sites, with its proportion increasing by 19%-22%. Source apportionment results during the sampling period suggested that ship emission was a non-negligible contributor in summer, while vehicle exhaust was the most important source of PM2.5 at the investigated sites during autumn and winter. For the sampled periods, the results of source apportionment of PM2.5 indicated that vehicle exhaust made the largest contribution at the urban site (HQ, 28%). Coal combustion showed the highest relative contribution at ZL (21%), while transported industrial emissions were most prominent at XH (32%).