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<p>In the refining industry, allocating environmental burdens reasonably among co-products remains a critical challenge for product carbon footprint (PCF) accounting. Focusing on the core atmospheric and vacuum distillation units, this study establishes a refined Material Flow and Energy Flow Analysis (MFA/EFA) framework based on steady-state Aspen Plus simulation. Addressing the limitations of single-criterion methods, a novel hybrid allocation model based on process energy demand is proposed and systematically compared with traditional methods across eight scenarios. Sensitivity analysis reveals that PCF results are highly dependent on allocation rules: traditional energy-based allocation (EA) tends to over-penalize light, high-energy products, resulting in a naphtha PCF exceeding 0.44 kgCO₂e/kg, while simultaneously underestimating heavy residues (0.375 kgCO₂e/kg) by neglecting the necessary separation energy. Conversely, the proposed Hybrid Calorific Value-Enthalpy Unit (H-LEA-U) method integrates thermodynamic costs and corrects the residues’ PCF to 0.448 kgCO₂e/kg, representing a 19.5% adjustment that better reflects its high sensible heat consumption. The H-LEA-U method is demonstrated to be the optimal paradigm, effectively balancing inherent feedstock energy and processing intensity for precise carbon management.</p>

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Mass and Energy Balance-Oriented Allocation Mechanism for Petrochemical Product Carbon Footprint

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Lili Sun,
  • Hongju Chen,
  • Hetian Zhu,
  • Xiaotong Li,
  • Jiaming Gu,
  • Yinghui Han,
  • Guofei Shen,
  • Yunhu Gao,
  • Baojuan Dou,
  • Chong Wei,
  • Qun Shen,
  • Wei Wei

摘要

In the refining industry, allocating environmental burdens reasonably among co-products remains a critical challenge for product carbon footprint (PCF) accounting. Focusing on the core atmospheric and vacuum distillation units, this study establishes a refined Material Flow and Energy Flow Analysis (MFA/EFA) framework based on steady-state Aspen Plus simulation. Addressing the limitations of single-criterion methods, a novel hybrid allocation model based on process energy demand is proposed and systematically compared with traditional methods across eight scenarios. Sensitivity analysis reveals that PCF results are highly dependent on allocation rules: traditional energy-based allocation (EA) tends to over-penalize light, high-energy products, resulting in a naphtha PCF exceeding 0.44 kgCO₂e/kg, while simultaneously underestimating heavy residues (0.375 kgCO₂e/kg) by neglecting the necessary separation energy. Conversely, the proposed Hybrid Calorific Value-Enthalpy Unit (H-LEA-U) method integrates thermodynamic costs and corrects the residues’ PCF to 0.448 kgCO₂e/kg, representing a 19.5% adjustment that better reflects its high sensible heat consumption. The H-LEA-U method is demonstrated to be the optimal paradigm, effectively balancing inherent feedstock energy and processing intensity for precise carbon management.