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<p>This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the diurnal variation in morphology and elemental composition of Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM) in a tropical semi-arid region of southern India during the summer season. TSPM was selected instead of PM₂.₅ or PM₁₀ to effectively capture coarse mineral dust, industrial particles, and biogenic aerosols that dominate semi-arid environments and are often underestimated in fine-mode aerosol studies. Aerosol samples were collected at four distinct time intervals—Midnight, Early Morning, Afternoon, and Late Evening—to capture temporal changes influenced by emission sources, atmospheric dynamics, and particle aging. Individual particle analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), enabling detailed characterization of particle size, shape, surface texture, and elemental composition. The results reveal substantial diurnal variability in aerosol morphology and composition, with dominant particle types including carbonaceous aerosols (soot, tar balls), crustal minerals (silicates and aluminosilicates), calcium-rich particles, barium sulfate aerosols associated with mining activity, heavy-metal-rich industrial particles, and diverse biogenic aerosols. Enrichment Factor (EF) analysis distinguished natural crustal elements (e.g., Si, Al, Ca) from anthropogenic contributors (e.g., C, S, Ba, Zn, Cl), while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified four major source categories: crustal dust, fossil-fuel combustion, industrial/mining activity, and biogenic emissions. Five-day backward trajectory and Weighted Potential Source Contribution Function (WPSCF) analyses indicate the combined influence of local, regional, and long-range transport pathways, including air masses from southern inland India, the Bay of Bengal, and Southeast Asia. The study highlights the importance of time-resolved TSPM characterization for accurate source apportionment and improved understanding of aerosol dynamics in tropical semi-arid regions. </p>

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Decoding Aerosol Source Dynamics Using SEM-EDX in a Tropical Semi-Arid Region of South India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Shaik Fasiha Begum,
  • Annareddy Ramanjula Reddy,
  • Thatapi Bhavana,
  • Chukkaluri Chandrasekhar Reddy,
  • Yadiki Nazeer Ahammed

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the diurnal variation in morphology and elemental composition of Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM) in a tropical semi-arid region of southern India during the summer season. TSPM was selected instead of PM₂.₅ or PM₁₀ to effectively capture coarse mineral dust, industrial particles, and biogenic aerosols that dominate semi-arid environments and are often underestimated in fine-mode aerosol studies. Aerosol samples were collected at four distinct time intervals—Midnight, Early Morning, Afternoon, and Late Evening—to capture temporal changes influenced by emission sources, atmospheric dynamics, and particle aging. Individual particle analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), enabling detailed characterization of particle size, shape, surface texture, and elemental composition. The results reveal substantial diurnal variability in aerosol morphology and composition, with dominant particle types including carbonaceous aerosols (soot, tar balls), crustal minerals (silicates and aluminosilicates), calcium-rich particles, barium sulfate aerosols associated with mining activity, heavy-metal-rich industrial particles, and diverse biogenic aerosols. Enrichment Factor (EF) analysis distinguished natural crustal elements (e.g., Si, Al, Ca) from anthropogenic contributors (e.g., C, S, Ba, Zn, Cl), while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified four major source categories: crustal dust, fossil-fuel combustion, industrial/mining activity, and biogenic emissions. Five-day backward trajectory and Weighted Potential Source Contribution Function (WPSCF) analyses indicate the combined influence of local, regional, and long-range transport pathways, including air masses from southern inland India, the Bay of Bengal, and Southeast Asia. The study highlights the importance of time-resolved TSPM characterization for accurate source apportionment and improved understanding of aerosol dynamics in tropical semi-arid regions.