<p>The present study measures the health damage of construction workers due to elevated levels of construction dust exposure in the mid-rise apartment building construction sites of Kolkata, India. The monitoring work was carried out between November 2020–May 2022 at six locations, and the workers were found to be exposed to an elevated PM₁₀ concentration of 0.31 (± 0.07)–12.30 (± 2.65) mg/m³ during six different construction activities viz. earthwork, concrete mixing, brickwork, concrete chipping, brick-wall cutting and marble cutting. The corresponding health damages were assessed as disability-adjusted life years (<i>DALY</i>s) for the workers engaged in those construction activities. The extent of the present damage indicates a loss of 0.057 (± 0.038)–4.239 (± 2.906) years of healthy life suffered by the workers already. The workers may further lose 0.116 (± 0.036)–8.583 (± 2.748) years of healthy life if they continue to carry on similar work up to 60&#xa0;years of age with similar PM exposure. Compared to the Kolkata city dwellers, the construction workers show 11–8211% higher <i>DALY</i>s. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) handled the stochastic influencing variables in health damage calculations.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>