Characterization of Last-Mile Routes in Spain: Evaluation of Vibrations and Shocks
摘要
The objective of this study was to generate last-mile test protocols for e-commerce distribution routes, carried out in cities with optimal road conditions such as those found in main Spanish cities with a particular focus on shocks and vibrations. The study was conducted using delivery vans, with 8 to 103 and 1.5 tonnes capacity fitted with air suspension, operated by delivery companies. The data presented in this study, is aimed at reducing the ‘last mile’ distribution damage while avoiding overpackaging, by improving and optimising packaging design and test protocols. In this study, representative last-mile distribution routes in Spain were selected and the resulting shocks and vibrations were measured, analysed with the specific aim of developing laboratory simulation test protocols for the last-mile transport environment in Spain and similar distribution environments. In addition, a detailed study of the shocks encountered during last-mile delivery routes were made to evaluate the influence of fragility labels on the handling severity of packages. The method for calculating the Effective Drop Height (EDH) from shock acceleration measurements were validated by controlled laboratory experiments using a free-fall drop testing apparatus. Drop height estimated from shocks during last mile routes were compiled to produce a laboratory test protocol for drop tests. Vibration data were subjected to frequency analysis to obtain the Power Spectral Density (PSD) based on the upper one-sided normal tolerance limit (NTL) (30, 95,50) method, resulting in a test spectrum with a grms level of 0.11.