Purpose <p>Insomnia disorder, with its high prevalence and profound impact on physical health, mental well-being, and overall quality of life, presents an ongoing challenge in diagnosis and management, both in India and globally. This expert opinion paper aims to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of current strategies for diagnosing and managing insomnia disorder in the Indian clinical context, with emphasis on integrating emerging evidence into practice.</p> Methods <p>This paper synthesizes expert perspectives and current clinical guidelines relevant to insomnia disorder diagnosis and treatment in India. It discusses key diagnostic approaches, including assessment of sleep patterns, identification of comorbid conditions, and differentiation between short-term and chronic insomnia disorder. Management strategies covered include both non-pharmacological approaches, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy for Insomnia disorder (CBT-I), and pharmacological options.</p> Results <p>Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly CBT-I and sleep hygiene education, are emphasized as first-line treatments. Pharmacotherapy remains relevant, especially in chronic cases or where behavioural interventions are inaccessible. Newer pharmacologic agents such as Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) are highlighted for their favorable efficacy and safety profiles compared to traditional sedative-hypnotics, particularly in the Indian treatment landscape.</p> Conclusion <p>Accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment planning are critical to improving insomnia disorder outcomes. Clinicians are encouraged to tailor interventions based on patient age, comorbidities, and risk of adverse effects. The integration of newer therapeutic options like DORAs can enhance clinical outcomes and improve quality of life for individuals suffering from insomnia disorder in India.</p>