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<p>This study investigates the sustainable recovery of raw materials from vitrified sanitaryware process wastewater, offering an environmentally benign alternative to conventional sludge disposal, such as landfilling. The sanitaryware industry faces growing environmental stresses due to high resource consumption and wastewater generation. The research demonstrates the technical feasibility of recovering raw materials through coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation processes using organic coagulants and direct reuse within the same sanitaryware production cycle. Experimental studies optimized recovery using three commercial organic coagulants. All tested coagulants proved highly effective in removing Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Optimal removal efficiency was strongly influenced by pH, dose, and sedimentation time, with alkaline pH having the most dominant positive effect. Characterisation showed that sludges recovered via organic coagulants had a desirable composition for ceramic reuse, featuring significantly higher Al₂O₃ and lower SiO₂ compared to sludge from conventional wastewater treatment. Crucially, incorporating 10% of the recovered sludges into the process slips allowed for the successful casting and firing of test plates and deformation bars. The resulting fired products met business quality standards regarding deformation, shrinkage, and water absorption. This success contrasts with attempts using conventional WWTP sludge, which failed to form a casting thickness sufficient for firing. This strategy effectively transforms a waste stream into a valuable resource, supporting the circular economy by reducing the demand for virgin raw materials.</p>

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A waste-to-resource strategy for circularity: direct reuse of recovered sanitaryware wastewater sludge via organic coagulants for sustainable manufacturing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Ahmet Altin,
  • Sercan Gülmez,
  • Bekir Fatih Kahraman,
  • Atamer Akbay

摘要

This study investigates the sustainable recovery of raw materials from vitrified sanitaryware process wastewater, offering an environmentally benign alternative to conventional sludge disposal, such as landfilling. The sanitaryware industry faces growing environmental stresses due to high resource consumption and wastewater generation. The research demonstrates the technical feasibility of recovering raw materials through coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation processes using organic coagulants and direct reuse within the same sanitaryware production cycle. Experimental studies optimized recovery using three commercial organic coagulants. All tested coagulants proved highly effective in removing Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Optimal removal efficiency was strongly influenced by pH, dose, and sedimentation time, with alkaline pH having the most dominant positive effect. Characterisation showed that sludges recovered via organic coagulants had a desirable composition for ceramic reuse, featuring significantly higher Al₂O₃ and lower SiO₂ compared to sludge from conventional wastewater treatment. Crucially, incorporating 10% of the recovered sludges into the process slips allowed for the successful casting and firing of test plates and deformation bars. The resulting fired products met business quality standards regarding deformation, shrinkage, and water absorption. This success contrasts with attempts using conventional WWTP sludge, which failed to form a casting thickness sufficient for firing. This strategy effectively transforms a waste stream into a valuable resource, supporting the circular economy by reducing the demand for virgin raw materials.