Green synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of CuO/NiO nanoparticles using Cyphostemma setosum leaves extract
摘要
In the current investigation, CuO/NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized utilizing an environmental friendly approach that incorporated the aqueous leaf extract of Cyphostemma setosum (C. Setosum). The characterization of the synthesized CuO/NiO NPs was conducted through various analytical techniques, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the material, revealing an average crystallite size of 14.62 nm. SEM image demonstrated a porous and highly aggregated morphology, with particles exhibiting irregular spherical and granular shapes. The FT-IR spectrum indicated absorption bands at 610 cm−1 and 437 cm−1, corresponding to the stretching vibrational modes of Cu–O and Ni–O bonds, respectively. The bandgap energy of the CuO/NiO NPs was determined to be 3.25 eV. Furthermore, the synthesized CuO/NiO NPs exhibited notable bactericidal and fungicidal activities, with inhibition zones measuring up to 25 mm against bacterial strains and 22 mm against fungal strains. The DNA binding properties of the synthesized CuO/NiO NPs were assessed through electronic absorption and fluorescence emission experiments, revealing DNA binding constants that indicated a strong, specific site and monovalent binding mode.