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<p>The development of sustainable biomaterials for tissue engineering has led to an increasing demand for alternative sources of hydroxyapatite derived from biological waste. This study evaluated and compared the structural, morphological and surface properties of hydroxyapatite obtained from fish scales (HAS) with those of commercial hydroxyapatite (HAC). A yield of 25.8 ± 2.15% was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses revealed that the particles in HAS were larger than those in HAC. X-ray diffraction confirmed that both materials retained the hexagonal phase of hydroxyapatite (ICDD 01-080-7085), while Rietveld refinement indicated slightly higher lattice parameters for HAS. Surface analyses showed comparable wettability for both materials. However, HAS exhibited significantly lower surface roughness, which could influence biological interactions. Cell viability and proliferation assays demonstrated greater biocompatibility for HAS than for HAC. These results highlight the potential of fish scale-derived hydroxyapatite as a sustainable biomaterial with favourable surface and biological properties for bone regeneration applications.</p>

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Marine waste to biomaterial: hydroxyapatite recovered from fish scales and an approach to structural and surface characterisation with cell viability assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Israel Núñez-Tapia,
  • Rafael G. Suárez,
  • Febe Carolina Vázquez-Vázquez,
  • Lauro Bucio-Galindo,
  • Marco Antonio Álvarez-Pérez,
  • Maykel González-Torres,
  • María Cristina Piña-Barba

摘要

The development of sustainable biomaterials for tissue engineering has led to an increasing demand for alternative sources of hydroxyapatite derived from biological waste. This study evaluated and compared the structural, morphological and surface properties of hydroxyapatite obtained from fish scales (HAS) with those of commercial hydroxyapatite (HAC). A yield of 25.8 ± 2.15% was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses revealed that the particles in HAS were larger than those in HAC. X-ray diffraction confirmed that both materials retained the hexagonal phase of hydroxyapatite (ICDD 01-080-7085), while Rietveld refinement indicated slightly higher lattice parameters for HAS. Surface analyses showed comparable wettability for both materials. However, HAS exhibited significantly lower surface roughness, which could influence biological interactions. Cell viability and proliferation assays demonstrated greater biocompatibility for HAS than for HAC. These results highlight the potential of fish scale-derived hydroxyapatite as a sustainable biomaterial with favourable surface and biological properties for bone regeneration applications.