Comparative study of dispersion methods for bio-derived graphene nanosheets in fly-ash-based geopolymers
摘要
Graphene is a nanomaterial renowned for its exceptional mechanical and physicochemical properties. While previous studies have demonstrated that incorporating graphene-based nanosheets (GNS) can significantly enhance the performance of cementitious materials, their integration with geopolymers remains challenging due to dispersion and compatibility issues. This study investigates the combination of a bio-derived GNS with a fly ash–based geopolymer, aiming to develop a low-cost and sustainable composite for construction applications. The bio-derived GNS was synthesized from recycled precursors, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional graphene materials. Three dispersion techniques—mechanical stirring, ultrasonic dispersion, and high-speed thin-film mixing—were employed to integrate GNS into the geopolymer matrix. The resulting geopolymer pastes were characterized using unconfined compressive strength tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results revealed that ultrasonic dispersion achieved the most homogeneous distribution of GNS within the geopolymer, leading to the highest compressive strength and improved microstructural integrity. These findings highlight the potential of bio-derived GNS–geopolymer composites as an eco-efficient alternative to conventional cementitious materials in sustainable construction.