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<p>TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped Bismuth borosilicate glasses of composition 20 NaF–20 Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–20 SiO<sub>2</sub>–(40 − x) B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–x TiO<sub>2</sub> (x = 0–2.5&#xa0;mol%) were synthesized by melt quenching and systematically investigated for structural, optical, and radiation shielding characteristics. Density increased from 4.2568 to 4.5954&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup> with TiO<sub>2</sub> incorporation, accompanied by a decrease in molar volume, confirming enhanced network compactness. FTIR spectra revealed conversion of BO<sub>3</sub> to BO<sub>4</sub> units and the appearance of Ti–O vibrations, indicating structural reinforcement of the glass network. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed a reduction in direct optical band gap from 1.19 to 1.07&#xa0;eV and an increase in refractive index (2.90–3.05), consistent with higher electronic polarizability. Shielding parameters obtained using Phy-X/PSD demonstrated that TiO<sub>2</sub> addition improves attenuation efficiency: MAC values increased, while HVL and MFP decreased across the studied photon energy range (0.015–15&#xa0;MeV). The effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>) was significantly enhanced at low energy due to the photoelectric effect and K-edge contribution of Ti. These results confirm that controlled TiO<sub>2</sub> substitution effectively tunes the balance between optical transparency and gamma-ray shielding, making the studied glasses promising candidates for photonic and protective applications.</p>

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Structural, optical, and shielding properties of TiO2-modified bismuth borosilicate glasses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Norah A. M. Alsaif,
  • Hanan Al-Ghamdi,
  • Nada Alfryyan,
  • F. F. Alharbi,
  • S. Ibrahim,
  • Y. S. Rammah,
  • A. A. Ali

摘要

TiO2-doped Bismuth borosilicate glasses of composition 20 NaF–20 Bi2O3–20 SiO2–(40 − x) B2O3–x TiO2 (x = 0–2.5 mol%) were synthesized by melt quenching and systematically investigated for structural, optical, and radiation shielding characteristics. Density increased from 4.2568 to 4.5954 g/cm3 with TiO2 incorporation, accompanied by a decrease in molar volume, confirming enhanced network compactness. FTIR spectra revealed conversion of BO3 to BO4 units and the appearance of Ti–O vibrations, indicating structural reinforcement of the glass network. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed a reduction in direct optical band gap from 1.19 to 1.07 eV and an increase in refractive index (2.90–3.05), consistent with higher electronic polarizability. Shielding parameters obtained using Phy-X/PSD demonstrated that TiO2 addition improves attenuation efficiency: MAC values increased, while HVL and MFP decreased across the studied photon energy range (0.015–15 MeV). The effective atomic number (Zeff) was significantly enhanced at low energy due to the photoelectric effect and K-edge contribution of Ti. These results confirm that controlled TiO2 substitution effectively tunes the balance between optical transparency and gamma-ray shielding, making the studied glasses promising candidates for photonic and protective applications.