Concurrent enhancement of structural, electrochemical, and biological performance in Ag/Zn co-doped hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti-6Al-4 V prepared via sol–gel method
摘要
This study focuses on the development of silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn) co-doped hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings deposited on Ti-6Al-4 V substrates using a sol-gel technique to enhance the performance of orthopedic implants. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed that the hexagonal HAP structure was maintained, indicating the successful incorporation of Ag+ and Zn2+ ions without inducing secondary phases. FESEM and EDX characterization revealed a composition-dependent surface morphology, with the Ag/Zn coatings exhibiting an improved, uniform, and pore-free surface. The 3Ag/4Zn coating demonstrated superior adhesion strength (43.18 ± 1.17 MPa), retaining ~ 92% of its integrity after 12 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) identified this composition as having the highest charge-transfer resistance (3.17 MΩ × cm2), underscoring its exceptional enhanced corrosion resistance and barrier stability. XPS spectra further verified the successful incorporation of Ag+ and Zn2+ into the HAP lattice and the presence of hydroxylated surface groups favorable for cell attachment. In vitro biological assessments with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells showed excellent in vitro cytocompatibility and enhanced cell viability (113% after 72 h) for the 3Ag/4Zn coating, attributed to the combined effect of the dopant ions. These results collectively introduce Ag/Zn co-doping, particularly the 3Ag/4Zn formulation, as a highly promising strategy for creating multifunctional, load-bearing implants with improved structural, electrochemical, and biological properties.