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<p>Hydrosodalite-based geopolymers represent an environmentally sustainable class of materials. They are synthesised via the synergistic solid and liquid phase reactions between sodium hydroxide and uncalcined kaolin, resulting in the formation of a crystalline hydrosodalite phase that functions as a binder. This study examines the synthesis and characterisation of hydrosodalite-based geopolymers, which were produced at 150&#xa0;°C for 2&#xa0;h in a ventilated oven. In addition, the research investigates the feasibility of enhancing the performance of heat-cured hydrosodalite-based geopolymers by incorporating metakaolin and glass powder into the geopolymer system at weight ratios of up to 40%. XRD analysis indicated that after thermal treatment, the kaolin transformed into a structure containing both residual kaolin and a hydrosodalite phase. FTIR analysis confirmed significant structural changes in the kaolin due to thermal curing. These transformations led to enhanced mechanical strength and water resistance in the samples. Following the hydrosodalite transformation, new endothermic peaks and zeolitic water release that occurred at approximately 200&#xa0;°C were observed in the samples using DTA-TG analysis. The incorporation of glass powder and metakaolin reduced water absorption and improved water resistance. However, incorporating glass powder did not result in a significant improvement in compressive strength and led to the development of microcracks within the microstructure. In contrast, the addition of metakaolin markedly enhanced compressive strength, even at lower dosages, with the highest compressive strength observed at a 30 wt% addition of metakaolin.</p>

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Synthesis and characterisation of heat-cured hydrosodalite-based geopolymer and influence of metakaolin and glass powder additions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Zaid Kareem,
  • Süleyman Yaşın

摘要

Hydrosodalite-based geopolymers represent an environmentally sustainable class of materials. They are synthesised via the synergistic solid and liquid phase reactions between sodium hydroxide and uncalcined kaolin, resulting in the formation of a crystalline hydrosodalite phase that functions as a binder. This study examines the synthesis and characterisation of hydrosodalite-based geopolymers, which were produced at 150 °C for 2 h in a ventilated oven. In addition, the research investigates the feasibility of enhancing the performance of heat-cured hydrosodalite-based geopolymers by incorporating metakaolin and glass powder into the geopolymer system at weight ratios of up to 40%. XRD analysis indicated that after thermal treatment, the kaolin transformed into a structure containing both residual kaolin and a hydrosodalite phase. FTIR analysis confirmed significant structural changes in the kaolin due to thermal curing. These transformations led to enhanced mechanical strength and water resistance in the samples. Following the hydrosodalite transformation, new endothermic peaks and zeolitic water release that occurred at approximately 200 °C were observed in the samples using DTA-TG analysis. The incorporation of glass powder and metakaolin reduced water absorption and improved water resistance. However, incorporating glass powder did not result in a significant improvement in compressive strength and led to the development of microcracks within the microstructure. In contrast, the addition of metakaolin markedly enhanced compressive strength, even at lower dosages, with the highest compressive strength observed at a 30 wt% addition of metakaolin.