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<p>In the present study, a peanut shell biochar iron-oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) magnetic nanoparticle composite was used for the removal of pendimethalin. The adsorption of pendimethalin was studied in batches at different experimental conditions like pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, herbicide concentration and temperature. The adsorption was found to be pH-dependent, and maximum adsorption was found at pH 2. In aqueous solution at room temperature, the adsorption data could be fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model with adsorption intensity of <i>n</i> = 2.0387. Time studies showed that pendimethalin uptake was 100% with shaking for 70&#xa0;min. The kinetic data were analyzed using four kinetic equations; pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion. The rates of adsorption confirmed the pseudo-first-order kinetics with good correlation value (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.8733). Thermodynamic parameters like standard enthalpy (∆H˚=10.61525 KJ/mol), Gibbs free energy (∆G˚) and standard entropy (∆S˚= 9.63593&#xa0;J/mol) were calculated which indicate that the adsorption of pendimethalin is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorbent could be easily regenerated with methanol. The results indicated that biochar magnetic composite could be effectively used for the removal of pendimethalin.</p>

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Removal of pendimethalin from aqueous samples using peanut shell biochar-Fe3O4 magnetic composite; adsorption studies, thermodynamic and kinetics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Ahlam A. Alalwiat,
  • Maaz Khan,
  • Imran Khan,
  • Ilyas Ahmad,
  • Suhas Ballal,
  • Girish Chandra Sharma,
  • R. S. K. Sharma,
  • Lakshay Bareja,
  • Majed A. Bajaber

摘要

In the present study, a peanut shell biochar iron-oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticle composite was used for the removal of pendimethalin. The adsorption of pendimethalin was studied in batches at different experimental conditions like pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, herbicide concentration and temperature. The adsorption was found to be pH-dependent, and maximum adsorption was found at pH 2. In aqueous solution at room temperature, the adsorption data could be fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model with adsorption intensity of n = 2.0387. Time studies showed that pendimethalin uptake was 100% with shaking for 70 min. The kinetic data were analyzed using four kinetic equations; pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion. The rates of adsorption confirmed the pseudo-first-order kinetics with good correlation value (R2 = 0.8733). Thermodynamic parameters like standard enthalpy (∆H˚=10.61525 KJ/mol), Gibbs free energy (∆G˚) and standard entropy (∆S˚= 9.63593 J/mol) were calculated which indicate that the adsorption of pendimethalin is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorbent could be easily regenerated with methanol. The results indicated that biochar magnetic composite could be effectively used for the removal of pendimethalin.