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<p>This study investigates the development and characterization of glass–ceramic tiles (GC tiles) produced from a mixture of raw materials such as rice husk ash (RHA), waste glass powder (WGP), potassium-feldspar (K-feldspar) and several fluxes in trace amounts. The raw materials were melted at 1170&#xa0;°C to form a glass frit, which was subjected to ground into fine powder. The powder was moistened with 7–8% water and sodium silicate to prepare the green tiles. The tiles were sintered at temperatures between 810&#xa0;°C and 1110&#xa0;°C. This one-hour heating process allowed the glass to densify and form the desired crystal phases. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of GC tiles were observed using WD-XRF, XRD, SEM and UTM analyses. Linear shrinkage (13.84% at 810&#xa0;°C to 11% at 1110&#xa0;°C) and water absorption (2.2% to 0.02%) decreased with increasing temperature. Bulk density peaked at 950&#xa0;°C, while modulus of rupture peaked at 925&#xa0;°C. Glossiness reached a maximum of 55% at 950&#xa0;°C. Crystalline phases of wollastonite and mullite were identified from XRD data, and a uniform microstructure with dispersed crystals in a glassy matrix was observed at 925&#xa0;°C.</p>

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Characterization of glass–ceramic tiles utilizing rice husk ash and waste glass powder as a flux

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月4日

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  • Sonjida Mustafi,
  • Abu Yousuf,
  • Nigar Sultana Pinky,
  • R. Khanom,
  • Mashrafi Bin Mobarak,
  • Mohammad Nashir Uddin

摘要

This study investigates the development and characterization of glass–ceramic tiles (GC tiles) produced from a mixture of raw materials such as rice husk ash (RHA), waste glass powder (WGP), potassium-feldspar (K-feldspar) and several fluxes in trace amounts. The raw materials were melted at 1170 °C to form a glass frit, which was subjected to ground into fine powder. The powder was moistened with 7–8% water and sodium silicate to prepare the green tiles. The tiles were sintered at temperatures between 810 °C and 1110 °C. This one-hour heating process allowed the glass to densify and form the desired crystal phases. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of GC tiles were observed using WD-XRF, XRD, SEM and UTM analyses. Linear shrinkage (13.84% at 810 °C to 11% at 1110 °C) and water absorption (2.2% to 0.02%) decreased with increasing temperature. Bulk density peaked at 950 °C, while modulus of rupture peaked at 925 °C. Glossiness reached a maximum of 55% at 950 °C. Crystalline phases of wollastonite and mullite were identified from XRD data, and a uniform microstructure with dispersed crystals in a glassy matrix was observed at 925 °C.