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<p>The emerging changes in global climate patterns have made marine heatwaves (MHWs) a serious environmental threat due to their devastating impacts on marine ecosystems, fisheries, and coastal communities. This study examines two major MHW events in the Bay of Bengal (89°E- 95°E, 16°N- 22°N), characterized by their longest duration and intensity. These MHWs are calculated based on the criteria of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) exceeding the 90 th percentile threshold of climatology for a minimum of 5 days. The longest duration MHW event that occurred in 2020, spanned 117 days with the highest intensity of 1.73 °C. Meanwhile, the highest-intensity MHW event that occurred in 2022, lasted for 18 days with an intensity of 3.07 °C. These events significantly influenced atmospheric, oceanic, and biogeochemical variables, with notable changes in heat fluxes. The variation in biogeochemistry variables namely chlorophyll, net primary production, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, silicate, and nitrate during the longest duration (highest intensity) MHW event are found to be −15.789 (−25) %, −20 (−25.714) %, −16.667 (+20) %, −2.884 (−0.99) %, +2.04 (−12.5) % and −78.571 (−7.692) % respectively.</p>

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Characteristics of the Longest Duration and Highest Intensity Marine Heat Waves Over the Bay of Bengal in Recent Period

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月9日

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  • Rama Kanta Nayak,
  • Biplab Sadhukhan,
  • Rashmi Rekha Nayak,
  • Arun Chakraborty

摘要

The emerging changes in global climate patterns have made marine heatwaves (MHWs) a serious environmental threat due to their devastating impacts on marine ecosystems, fisheries, and coastal communities. This study examines two major MHW events in the Bay of Bengal (89°E- 95°E, 16°N- 22°N), characterized by their longest duration and intensity. These MHWs are calculated based on the criteria of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) exceeding the 90 th percentile threshold of climatology for a minimum of 5 days. The longest duration MHW event that occurred in 2020, spanned 117 days with the highest intensity of 1.73 °C. Meanwhile, the highest-intensity MHW event that occurred in 2022, lasted for 18 days with an intensity of 3.07 °C. These events significantly influenced atmospheric, oceanic, and biogeochemical variables, with notable changes in heat fluxes. The variation in biogeochemistry variables namely chlorophyll, net primary production, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, silicate, and nitrate during the longest duration (highest intensity) MHW event are found to be −15.789 (−25) %, −20 (−25.714) %, −16.667 (+20) %, −2.884 (−0.99) %, +2.04 (−12.5) % and −78.571 (−7.692) % respectively.