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<p>In this study, we developed novel CuO and Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles via chemical and biological routes using <i>Tagetes patula</i> flower extract as a stabilizing agent for the removal of methylene blue and to deactivate the pathogenic bacterial strains present in wastewater. We analyzed the nanoparticles’ structure, components, and morphology using various tools such as FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM-EDS, and HR-TEM analysis. Almost full decolorization of methylene blue was achieved at pH 9 within 90&#xa0;min of contact time. Decolorization was modelled for the isotherm and kinetics to determine the maximum adsorption capacity and nature of adsorption. The pseudo-second order kinetic model with R<sup>2</sup> (0.997) and the Freundlich isotherm equation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.997) well represented the adsorption, showing the chemical nature of adsorption. The antibacterial properties of novel CuO and Ag–CuO nanoparticles were tested against Gram-positive bacteria, i.e., Methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and Gram-negative, i.e., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The biogenic synthesized Ag–CuO nanoparticles show more effectiveness towards the inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition (14.23&#xa0;mm) was verified for the biogenically synthesized Ag–CuO nanoparticles against <i>E. coli</i>. A plausible mechanism of the deactivation of bacterial strains has been proposed.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide and Silver-Doped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles via Chemical and Biological (Tagetes patula) Routes and Their Applications in Wastewater Treatment and Antimicrobial Activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Ravindra Kumar Gautam,
  • Sujeet Kumar Gond,
  • Ashish Gupta,
  • Jyoti Prajapati,
  • Nishi Kumari,
  • Ida Tiwari

摘要

In this study, we developed novel CuO and Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles via chemical and biological routes using Tagetes patula flower extract as a stabilizing agent for the removal of methylene blue and to deactivate the pathogenic bacterial strains present in wastewater. We analyzed the nanoparticles’ structure, components, and morphology using various tools such as FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM-EDS, and HR-TEM analysis. Almost full decolorization of methylene blue was achieved at pH 9 within 90 min of contact time. Decolorization was modelled for the isotherm and kinetics to determine the maximum adsorption capacity and nature of adsorption. The pseudo-second order kinetic model with R2 (0.997) and the Freundlich isotherm equation (R2 = 0.997) well represented the adsorption, showing the chemical nature of adsorption. The antibacterial properties of novel CuO and Ag–CuO nanoparticles were tested against Gram-positive bacteria, i.e., Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative, i.e., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The biogenic synthesized Ag–CuO nanoparticles show more effectiveness towards the inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition (14.23 mm) was verified for the biogenically synthesized Ag–CuO nanoparticles against E. coli. A plausible mechanism of the deactivation of bacterial strains has been proposed.

Graphical Abstract