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<p>Pectinase is an industrially important enzyme with wide-ranging applications in the food, textile, and biofuel industries. However, commercial production remains cost-intensive due to the use of high-purity substrates. In this study, a cost-effective approach was used for enhancing pectinase production using agro-industrial pectin-rich waste materials. <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> SK16 isolated from alkaline soil and identified by 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing (GenBank accession no. PQ206567.1), was confirmed as a potent pectinase producer with notable polygalacturonase (PG) activity. Additionally, <i>B. subtilis</i> SK16 demonstrated extracellular enzyme activity of amylase, xylanase, protease, cellulase, and lipase, indicating its potential for complex substrate utilization. In this study, pectinase was produced by submerged fermentation using agro-industrial pectin-rich waste as a substrate. Among them orange peel (397.53 ± 21.8 U/mL), wheat bran (330.25 ± 30.0 U/mL), and apple peel (207.9 ± 24.05 U/mL) supported the highest pectinase yield. A combinational substrate strategy further enhanced pectinase activity, with a maximum of 615.90 ± 52.2 U/mL achieved with a substrate combination of 0.5% orange peel and 1.5% wheat bran, reflecting a 55% enhancement over the best single-substrate result. These findings highlight the potential of agro-industrial wastes valorization as a promising approach for improving pectinase production. However, further studies involving process optimization, enzyme characterization and scale-up evaluation are required to establish industrial feasibility.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of Agro-Industrial Waste for Pectinase Production by Bacillus subtilis SK16: A Step Toward Circular Bioeconomy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • P. Sangeetha,
  • Sharmili Jagtap

摘要

Pectinase is an industrially important enzyme with wide-ranging applications in the food, textile, and biofuel industries. However, commercial production remains cost-intensive due to the use of high-purity substrates. In this study, a cost-effective approach was used for enhancing pectinase production using agro-industrial pectin-rich waste materials. Bacillus subtilis SK16 isolated from alkaline soil and identified by 16 S rRNA sequencing (GenBank accession no. PQ206567.1), was confirmed as a potent pectinase producer with notable polygalacturonase (PG) activity. Additionally, B. subtilis SK16 demonstrated extracellular enzyme activity of amylase, xylanase, protease, cellulase, and lipase, indicating its potential for complex substrate utilization. In this study, pectinase was produced by submerged fermentation using agro-industrial pectin-rich waste as a substrate. Among them orange peel (397.53 ± 21.8 U/mL), wheat bran (330.25 ± 30.0 U/mL), and apple peel (207.9 ± 24.05 U/mL) supported the highest pectinase yield. A combinational substrate strategy further enhanced pectinase activity, with a maximum of 615.90 ± 52.2 U/mL achieved with a substrate combination of 0.5% orange peel and 1.5% wheat bran, reflecting a 55% enhancement over the best single-substrate result. These findings highlight the potential of agro-industrial wastes valorization as a promising approach for improving pectinase production. However, further studies involving process optimization, enzyme characterization and scale-up evaluation are required to establish industrial feasibility.

Graphical Abstract