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<p>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly utilized as flame retardants in different domestic and industrial products. Their extensive application, environmental persistence, and high bioaccumulation potential have raised significant ecological and public health concerns. PBDEs are ubiquitous in the environment, identified in air, water, soil, and biota, often at concerning levels. Their lipophilic nature and resistance to degradation allow PBDEs to persist in coastal environments settling in water, sediments, and the atmosphere. They gradually enter the “canopy” via root uptake and foliar deposition in mangrove systems, facilitating coast‑to‑canopy movement through sediment‑root‑leaf pathways and air‑leaf deposition. This dynamic enables PBDEs to bioaccumulate in plant tissues and transfer across trophic levels, thereby amplifying risks to ecosystems and human health. Data on environmental concentrations of PBDEs and their coast-to-canopy dynamics remain scarce. The present study quantifies five PBDE congeners (BDE 99, BDE 100, BDE 153, BDE 154, and BDE 183) in sediment, water, mangrove leaves, and mangrove pneumatophores from three coastal ecosystems of Western India. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to estimate limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ), and percent recovery rates for the selected PBDE congeners. The average concentrations of PBDEs in sediment, water, mangrove leaves, and mangrove pneumatophores were 1.292 ng/g dw, below the detection limit (BDL), 0.7475ng/g dw, and 0.5775 ng/g dw, respectively. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for mangrove leaves and pneumatophores, relative to sediment concentrations, ranged from 0.0244 to 4.8663 and 0.0212 to 1.9517, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence, concentrations, and bioaccumulation patterns of PBDE congeners at the selected creek sites. The detection and bioaccumulation of PBDEs in mangrove tissues highlight their potential for trophic transfer and ecological risk, indicating that mangrove ecosystems may act as both reservoirs and pathways for these persistent pollutants.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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From Coast to Canopy: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Selected Coastal Ecosystems of Western India, and Their Bioaccumulation in Mangrove Species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Chetankumar Nandanwar,
  • Ayush Vikram Singh,
  • Rakhi Nikhade,
  • Yogiraj Joginath Basheshankar,
  • Manju Soni,
  • Pravin Krishnarao Naoghare

摘要

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly utilized as flame retardants in different domestic and industrial products. Their extensive application, environmental persistence, and high bioaccumulation potential have raised significant ecological and public health concerns. PBDEs are ubiquitous in the environment, identified in air, water, soil, and biota, often at concerning levels. Their lipophilic nature and resistance to degradation allow PBDEs to persist in coastal environments settling in water, sediments, and the atmosphere. They gradually enter the “canopy” via root uptake and foliar deposition in mangrove systems, facilitating coast‑to‑canopy movement through sediment‑root‑leaf pathways and air‑leaf deposition. This dynamic enables PBDEs to bioaccumulate in plant tissues and transfer across trophic levels, thereby amplifying risks to ecosystems and human health. Data on environmental concentrations of PBDEs and their coast-to-canopy dynamics remain scarce. The present study quantifies five PBDE congeners (BDE 99, BDE 100, BDE 153, BDE 154, and BDE 183) in sediment, water, mangrove leaves, and mangrove pneumatophores from three coastal ecosystems of Western India. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to estimate limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ), and percent recovery rates for the selected PBDE congeners. The average concentrations of PBDEs in sediment, water, mangrove leaves, and mangrove pneumatophores were 1.292 ng/g dw, below the detection limit (BDL), 0.7475ng/g dw, and 0.5775 ng/g dw, respectively. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for mangrove leaves and pneumatophores, relative to sediment concentrations, ranged from 0.0244 to 4.8663 and 0.0212 to 1.9517, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence, concentrations, and bioaccumulation patterns of PBDE congeners at the selected creek sites. The detection and bioaccumulation of PBDEs in mangrove tissues highlight their potential for trophic transfer and ecological risk, indicating that mangrove ecosystems may act as both reservoirs and pathways for these persistent pollutants.

Graphical Abstract