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<p>Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) are the predominant constituents of reactive N (Nr) emissions from fertilized cropland, with their emission dynamics being characterized by a complex interrelationship. Soil amendment and Nr loss mitigation typically rely on the use or soil organic (e.g., biochar and organic fertilizer (OF)) and inorganic mineral (e.g., phosphogypsum (Pg) and phosphate tailings (Pt)) additives. However, the efficacy of the combined application of organic and inorganic amendments regarding the simultaneous mitigation of soil NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O losses remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, this study employed a static microcosm incubation experiment to analyze the impacts of combinations of biochars, OF, Pt, and Pg on soil NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and regulative mechanisms. Results indicated that the combination of pristine biochar (B1) and Pg significantly reduced both NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from soil compared with those after application of urea alone or urea with B1. Additionally, the combination of B1 and Pt decreased only N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The application of acid-modified biochar (B2) significantly reduced both NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from urea-added soil, while further Pg or Pt supplementation did not yield significantly higher mitigation efficiency of gaseous N losses. Substituting 50% of the chemical fertilizer with OF significantly decreased soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>-N, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N contents, effectively reducing NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 61.83% and 34.47% compared with those after application of urea alone, respectively, while further biochar, Pg, or Pt supplementation did not further reduce NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Overall, these findings provide technical support regarding Nr loss mitigation and N pollution swapping prevention.</p>

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Combining Organic and Inorganic Amendments Simultaneously Mitigates Soil NH3 and N2O Emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Anrong Luo,
  • Xiayan Zhang,
  • Yunzhe Li,
  • Shikang Li,
  • Zhipeng Sha

摘要

Ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the predominant constituents of reactive N (Nr) emissions from fertilized cropland, with their emission dynamics being characterized by a complex interrelationship. Soil amendment and Nr loss mitigation typically rely on the use or soil organic (e.g., biochar and organic fertilizer (OF)) and inorganic mineral (e.g., phosphogypsum (Pg) and phosphate tailings (Pt)) additives. However, the efficacy of the combined application of organic and inorganic amendments regarding the simultaneous mitigation of soil NH3 and N2O losses remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, this study employed a static microcosm incubation experiment to analyze the impacts of combinations of biochars, OF, Pt, and Pg on soil NH3 and N2O emissions and regulative mechanisms. Results indicated that the combination of pristine biochar (B1) and Pg significantly reduced both NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions from soil compared with those after application of urea alone or urea with B1. Additionally, the combination of B1 and Pt decreased only N2O emissions. The application of acid-modified biochar (B2) significantly reduced both NH3 and N2O emissions from urea-added soil, while further Pg or Pt supplementation did not yield significantly higher mitigation efficiency of gaseous N losses. Substituting 50% of the chemical fertilizer with OF significantly decreased soil NH4+-N, NO2--N, and NO3--N contents, effectively reducing NH3 and N2O emissions by 61.83% and 34.47% compared with those after application of urea alone, respectively, while further biochar, Pg, or Pt supplementation did not further reduce NH3 and N2O emissions. Overall, these findings provide technical support regarding Nr loss mitigation and N pollution swapping prevention.