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<p>This study reports the fabrication of a multifunctional electrospun nanofiber membrane (MENM) composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chitosan (CS), sodium alginate (SA), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for efficient tannery wastewater remediation. Chitosan (89.7% deacetylation) was derived from squid-pen waste, sodium alginate (92.4% purity) was extracted from seaweed, and rGO was synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, exhibiting a conductivity of 2.31&#xa0;S cm⁻¹. The membrane displayed an average fiber diameter of 312 ± 25&#xa0;nm and 82.5% porosity, with enhanced thermal stability as shown by 64.2% weight retention at 600&#xa0;°C. Mechanical strength (8.5&#xa0;MPa, elongation at break 42.8%) decreased modestly after filtration (6.7&#xa0;MPa, 36.4%), indicating durability under operational conditions. Wettability improved significantly, with contact angle reduced from 72.5° to 48.3°. The MENM achieved 90.1% removal of Cr (VI) and 79.3% removal of Pb (II), alongside antibacterial reductions of 81.4% for E. coli and 79.5% for S. aureus. Kinetic analysis confirmed pseudo-second-order behavior, while adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption with high affinity. These findings establish the MENM as an eco-friendly, waste-valorizing, and scalable solution for tannery wastewater treatment.</p>

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Sustainable Treatment of Leather Tannery Effluent Using Green Nanotechnology: A High-Performance PVDF/Biopolymer/rGO Electrospun Membrane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Rethinam Senthil

摘要

This study reports the fabrication of a multifunctional electrospun nanofiber membrane (MENM) composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chitosan (CS), sodium alginate (SA), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for efficient tannery wastewater remediation. Chitosan (89.7% deacetylation) was derived from squid-pen waste, sodium alginate (92.4% purity) was extracted from seaweed, and rGO was synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, exhibiting a conductivity of 2.31 S cm⁻¹. The membrane displayed an average fiber diameter of 312 ± 25 nm and 82.5% porosity, with enhanced thermal stability as shown by 64.2% weight retention at 600 °C. Mechanical strength (8.5 MPa, elongation at break 42.8%) decreased modestly after filtration (6.7 MPa, 36.4%), indicating durability under operational conditions. Wettability improved significantly, with contact angle reduced from 72.5° to 48.3°. The MENM achieved 90.1% removal of Cr (VI) and 79.3% removal of Pb (II), alongside antibacterial reductions of 81.4% for E. coli and 79.5% for S. aureus. Kinetic analysis confirmed pseudo-second-order behavior, while adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption with high affinity. These findings establish the MENM as an eco-friendly, waste-valorizing, and scalable solution for tannery wastewater treatment.