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<p>The global challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of innovative and sustainable antimicrobial solutions. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized with a green, phytochemical-assisted approach using <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> leaf extract, which could eliminate the need for toxic chemical precursors. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited a uniform size range of 25.8–121.5&#xa0;nm, as confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed a 98.3% ZnO purity, ensuring minimal contamination. The characteristic emission peak of ZnO NPs was observed at ~ 458&#xa0;nm in their photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, which could confirm their successful preparation. The antibacterial activity of the ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i>, demonstrating a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.3125&#xa0;mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5&#xa0;mg/mL. The inhibitory effect was identified in the fifth well while the bactericidal concentration was observed in the first well, confirming strong antimicrobial activity of synthesized NPs. Calcination conditions of 600 and 800&#xa0;°C for 1 and 1.5&#xa0;h(s) were optimized to improve crystallinity as well as size of NPs. Our findings highlight the dual functionality of ZnO NPs as effective antimicrobial agents and sustainable coatings for biomedical and industrial applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures via Phytochemical-Assisted Green Method: Unlocking Antibacterial Potential for Modern Coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Ali Mejbel M. Alkhafaji,
  • Layth Hayder Hameed Kazem Al-Tmamimi,
  • Mohammed Ridha Shaeed Janabi,
  • Ali F. Al-rawaf,
  • Husham Ahmed,
  • Mohammed Yarub Hani,
  • Saleh T. Alanezi,
  • Mohammed Ali Dheyab

摘要

The global challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of innovative and sustainable antimicrobial solutions. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized with a green, phytochemical-assisted approach using Ocimum basilicum leaf extract, which could eliminate the need for toxic chemical precursors. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited a uniform size range of 25.8–121.5 nm, as confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed a 98.3% ZnO purity, ensuring minimal contamination. The characteristic emission peak of ZnO NPs was observed at ~ 458 nm in their photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, which could confirm their successful preparation. The antibacterial activity of the ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), demonstrating a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.3125 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5 mg/mL. The inhibitory effect was identified in the fifth well while the bactericidal concentration was observed in the first well, confirming strong antimicrobial activity of synthesized NPs. Calcination conditions of 600 and 800 °C for 1 and 1.5 h(s) were optimized to improve crystallinity as well as size of NPs. Our findings highlight the dual functionality of ZnO NPs as effective antimicrobial agents and sustainable coatings for biomedical and industrial applications.

Graphical Abstract