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<p>This study investigates the efficacy of <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> bark-derived activated carbon (AC) as a sustainable adsorbent for textile wastewater treatment, targeting synthetic and industrial dye removal. The AC, prepared via chemical activation with K₂CO₃, was characterized using BET, FTIR, XRD, and SEM, revealing a honeycomb-like porous structure with a surface area of 22.96&#xa0;m²/g and an average pore diameter of 6.12&#xa0;nm. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) optimized key parameters—temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time—achieving up to 94% dye removal for industrial wastewater and 92% for synthetic wastewater, with COD reductions of 94.16% and 92.25%, respectively. Kinetic studies confirmed a pseudo-second-order model (R² &gt; 0.999, k₂ = 2.18 × 10⁻³ g mg⁻¹ min⁻¹), indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Nonlinear isotherm analysis across 30–50&#xa0;°C showed the Langmuir model best fit at 50&#xa0;°C (qₘ = 161.29&#xa0;mg/g, R² &gt; 0.95), suggesting monolayer adsorption, while Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models excelled at 40&#xa0;°C (R² = 0.998), indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Error analysis (low SSE, RMSE) validated model accuracy. The AC’s high adsorption capacity, eco-friendliness, and ability to manage an invasive species underscore its potential as a cost-effective solution for textile effluent treatment. Future research should explore scalability and regeneration for industrial applications.</p> Graphical Abstract

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Prosopis Juliflora Bark Derived Honeycomb-like Porous-Activated Carbon for Textile Wastewater Treatment: RSM Optimization, Kinetic and Nonlinear Isotherm Studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • P Hariharan,
  • K Agilandeswari,
  • S Nivetha,
  • Krishnighaa Saravanan,
  • A R Sundar

摘要

This study investigates the efficacy of Prosopis juliflora bark-derived activated carbon (AC) as a sustainable adsorbent for textile wastewater treatment, targeting synthetic and industrial dye removal. The AC, prepared via chemical activation with K₂CO₃, was characterized using BET, FTIR, XRD, and SEM, revealing a honeycomb-like porous structure with a surface area of 22.96 m²/g and an average pore diameter of 6.12 nm. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) optimized key parameters—temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time—achieving up to 94% dye removal for industrial wastewater and 92% for synthetic wastewater, with COD reductions of 94.16% and 92.25%, respectively. Kinetic studies confirmed a pseudo-second-order model (R² > 0.999, k₂ = 2.18 × 10⁻³ g mg⁻¹ min⁻¹), indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Nonlinear isotherm analysis across 30–50 °C showed the Langmuir model best fit at 50 °C (qₘ = 161.29 mg/g, R² > 0.95), suggesting monolayer adsorption, while Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models excelled at 40 °C (R² = 0.998), indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Error analysis (low SSE, RMSE) validated model accuracy. The AC’s high adsorption capacity, eco-friendliness, and ability to manage an invasive species underscore its potential as a cost-effective solution for textile effluent treatment. Future research should explore scalability and regeneration for industrial applications.

Graphical Abstract