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<p>Advanced adsorption based wastewater treatment technologies are necessary to address the global freshwater scarcity problem which are created by industrial pollution and emerging contaminants. This work presents a comprehensive overview of five distinct adsorbent categories which include carbon-based nanomaterials, metal oxide nanoparticles, Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOF), zeolites and biochar and activated carbon materials. MOFs achieve &gt; 98% removal and 1,800&#xa0;mg/g capacities through their tunable structures whereas green mechanochemical synthesis from waste feedstocks achieves 60–85% cost and environmental footprint reduction. Zeolites provide affordable long-lasting protection for metals. Carbon nanomaterials use π-π bonds to achieve fast absorption and metal oxides support photocatalytic processes. The multi-phase composite MOF-biochar shows pharmaceutical selectivity. Metal oxide–carbon materials demonstrate superior organic breakdown abilities. Biochar-zeolite hybrids provide metal remediation solutions which quickly operate at 5–15 regenerations for $0.10–0.50 per cubic meter with wide-ranging operational capabilities. Biochar/zeolite hybrids enable immediate heavy metal remediation; MOF-biochar frontiers target pharmaceuticals; metal oxide–carbon systems dominate photocatalytic degradation. The green methods achieve 60–80% footprint reduction through their multi-mechanism hybrids which treat complex wastewaters. The period from 2025 to 2030 will see the deployment of field-proven circular technologies through researcher-industry-policy collaboration. The collaboration will resolve pilot validation issues and standards and nanomaterial regulations and reliability problems.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Emerging adsorption and biosorption strategies for wastewater remediation</p>

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Advanced Adsorbent for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: A Review of Nanomaterials, Metal–Organic Frameworks, Zeolites, and Biochar Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Samidha A. Tangadpalliwar,
  • Tripti B. Gupta

摘要

Advanced adsorption based wastewater treatment technologies are necessary to address the global freshwater scarcity problem which are created by industrial pollution and emerging contaminants. This work presents a comprehensive overview of five distinct adsorbent categories which include carbon-based nanomaterials, metal oxide nanoparticles, Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOF), zeolites and biochar and activated carbon materials. MOFs achieve > 98% removal and 1,800 mg/g capacities through their tunable structures whereas green mechanochemical synthesis from waste feedstocks achieves 60–85% cost and environmental footprint reduction. Zeolites provide affordable long-lasting protection for metals. Carbon nanomaterials use π-π bonds to achieve fast absorption and metal oxides support photocatalytic processes. The multi-phase composite MOF-biochar shows pharmaceutical selectivity. Metal oxide–carbon materials demonstrate superior organic breakdown abilities. Biochar-zeolite hybrids provide metal remediation solutions which quickly operate at 5–15 regenerations for $0.10–0.50 per cubic meter with wide-ranging operational capabilities. Biochar/zeolite hybrids enable immediate heavy metal remediation; MOF-biochar frontiers target pharmaceuticals; metal oxide–carbon systems dominate photocatalytic degradation. The green methods achieve 60–80% footprint reduction through their multi-mechanism hybrids which treat complex wastewaters. The period from 2025 to 2030 will see the deployment of field-proven circular technologies through researcher-industry-policy collaboration. The collaboration will resolve pilot validation issues and standards and nanomaterial regulations and reliability problems.

Graphical abstract

Emerging adsorption and biosorption strategies for wastewater remediation