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<p>Biosorption stands out as an efficient method for removing pharmaceuticals from water solutions. Utilizing Calcinated-cuttlefish bone (CCB) powder as a bio-adsorbent for Cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>). Various factors like adsorbent dose, initial pH, Cholecalciferol concentration, and contact duration were examined. The findings revealed that 0.1&#xa0;g of CCB, an initial Cholecalciferol concentration 100 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> and an equilibrium time of 4&#xa0;h. The adsorbent and the resulting nanocomposite were characterized through analytical techniques consisting of X-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) EDX TGA/DTG and BET Surface AreaAnalysis. Several kinetic studies and adsorption isotherm were applied at a pH of 7 .0 optimum dose 0.1&#xa0;g and at a temperature of 25&#xa0;°CLangmuir-Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first order kinetic model were the best fitting to the experimental data, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 112 .52 mg g<sup>− 1</sup>. According to the results of a thermodynamic investigation, adsorption processes happen spontaneously and through endothermic pathways. CCB and the wasted adsorbents, were used once again as electro-oxidation catalysts in direct-ethanol fuel cells. The waste product served as a powerful catalyst to encourage the oxidation of ethanol because of its excellent stability in the basic media (KOH). For CCB and CCB/ vitamin D<sub>3</sub>, it demonstrated a higher efficiency and the highest stability that reached a current density of 42&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup> in 2&#xa0;M ethanol at 25,000&#xa0;s in C.A. Finally, a Computational Analysis of Adsorption and Charge Transfer Mechanisms to explain the electrooxidation process. The proposed method creates an entirely new avenue for recycling garbage into valuable materials that can be used in electrocatalytic energy production.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Calcined Cuttlefish Bone as a High-efficiency Biosorbent for the Production of Sustainable Energy in Ethanol Fuel Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Amal Zaher,
  • Hassan A. Rudayni,
  • Ahmed A. Allam,
  • Asmaa Elrafey,
  • Hager M. Moustafa,
  • Samar M. Mahgoub,
  • Rami Shafei,
  • Rehab Mahmoud

摘要

Biosorption stands out as an efficient method for removing pharmaceuticals from water solutions. Utilizing Calcinated-cuttlefish bone (CCB) powder as a bio-adsorbent for Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Various factors like adsorbent dose, initial pH, Cholecalciferol concentration, and contact duration were examined. The findings revealed that 0.1 g of CCB, an initial Cholecalciferol concentration 100 mg L− 1 and an equilibrium time of 4 h. The adsorbent and the resulting nanocomposite were characterized through analytical techniques consisting of X-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) EDX TGA/DTG and BET Surface AreaAnalysis. Several kinetic studies and adsorption isotherm were applied at a pH of 7 .0 optimum dose 0.1 g and at a temperature of 25 °CLangmuir-Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first order kinetic model were the best fitting to the experimental data, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 112 .52 mg g− 1. According to the results of a thermodynamic investigation, adsorption processes happen spontaneously and through endothermic pathways. CCB and the wasted adsorbents, were used once again as electro-oxidation catalysts in direct-ethanol fuel cells. The waste product served as a powerful catalyst to encourage the oxidation of ethanol because of its excellent stability in the basic media (KOH). For CCB and CCB/ vitamin D3, it demonstrated a higher efficiency and the highest stability that reached a current density of 42 mA/cm2 in 2 M ethanol at 25,000 s in C.A. Finally, a Computational Analysis of Adsorption and Charge Transfer Mechanisms to explain the electrooxidation process. The proposed method creates an entirely new avenue for recycling garbage into valuable materials that can be used in electrocatalytic energy production.

Graphical abstract