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<p>This study aims to evaluate the innovation trends and technological maturity, and collaborative dynamics in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies (SWTTs), with a specific focus on Constructed Wetlands (CW), Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blankets (UASB), Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), and their integrated systems. To assess technological progress, a patent analysis was conducted using structured and unstructured data from 467 patents filed between 2001 and 2022, retrieved from the Derwent Innovation Index (DII). Citation metrics were used to determine technological influence, while logistic modeling was applied to estimate diffusion speed, maturity rate, and remaining technology life (ERL). The analysis revealed a 29% annual growth rate in SWTT patenting. China led in the volume of patents and commercialization potential, while the USA demonstrated the highest international collaboration. Keyword analysis reveals that innovation efforts were primarily directed at improving pretreatment technologies and enhancing removal efficiencies of pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen. Among all the technologies, CW exhibited the fastest diffusion rate (4.97) yet the lowest maturity (74%), reflecting a technology in a rapid growth phase that has not yet reached saturation. The estimated ERL ranged from 8&#xa0;years for MFC to 14&#xa0;years for CW, with an overall average of 10&#xa0;years before market saturation. Beyond descriptive trends, this study provides insight into diffusion-maturity dynamics by highlighting how fast-spreading yet immature technologies (such as CW) may represent future innovation frontiers. In addition, this study integrates patent metrics, diffusion modeling, and collaboration analysis to generate actionable insights for policymakers, investors, and researchers driving sustainable wastewater solutions.</p>

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Patent-Based Evaluation of Life Cycle and Global Collaboration Trends in Constructed Wetlands, UASB, and Microbial Fuel Cells for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Nicholas Miwornunyuie,
  • Mao Guozhu,
  • Nihed Benani,
  • Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah,
  • Isaac Appiah-Otoo

摘要

This study aims to evaluate the innovation trends and technological maturity, and collaborative dynamics in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies (SWTTs), with a specific focus on Constructed Wetlands (CW), Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blankets (UASB), Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), and their integrated systems. To assess technological progress, a patent analysis was conducted using structured and unstructured data from 467 patents filed between 2001 and 2022, retrieved from the Derwent Innovation Index (DII). Citation metrics were used to determine technological influence, while logistic modeling was applied to estimate diffusion speed, maturity rate, and remaining technology life (ERL). The analysis revealed a 29% annual growth rate in SWTT patenting. China led in the volume of patents and commercialization potential, while the USA demonstrated the highest international collaboration. Keyword analysis reveals that innovation efforts were primarily directed at improving pretreatment technologies and enhancing removal efficiencies of pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen. Among all the technologies, CW exhibited the fastest diffusion rate (4.97) yet the lowest maturity (74%), reflecting a technology in a rapid growth phase that has not yet reached saturation. The estimated ERL ranged from 8 years for MFC to 14 years for CW, with an overall average of 10 years before market saturation. Beyond descriptive trends, this study provides insight into diffusion-maturity dynamics by highlighting how fast-spreading yet immature technologies (such as CW) may represent future innovation frontiers. In addition, this study integrates patent metrics, diffusion modeling, and collaboration analysis to generate actionable insights for policymakers, investors, and researchers driving sustainable wastewater solutions.