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<p>This study aimed to assess the levels of n-alkanes (a subset of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, TPHs) in sediment, crayfish (<i>Penaeus notialis</i>), and water samples collected from Araromi Beach, Nigeria. Crayfish samples were preserved using freeze-drying to minimize analyte loss, homogenized, and extracted using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane. Water samples were processed using Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), while sediment samples underwent Soxhlet extraction followed by silica gel cleanup. Hydrocarbon identification and quantification were performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed the presence of 23 n-alkane congeners across all samples, with crayfish exhibiting the highest total concentration (62.80&#xa0;µg/g), followed by water (16.95&#xa0;µg/L) and sediment (4.22&#xa0;µg/g). Among the detected hydrocarbons, Octadecane (8.35&#xa0;µg/g) showed the highest concentration in crayfish, while Dodecane (0.51&#xa0;µg/g) was predominant in sediment. Bioaccumulation analysis indicated that crayfish absorbed significantly higher levels of n-alkanes than water and sediment, suggesting the potential for human health risks from seafood consumption. A risk assessment showed that Eicosane posed the highest hazard quotient (HQ = 0.0528) for children’s ingestion, which is well below the threshold for significant risk, indicating no immediate health concerns. These findings support the necessity of environmental monitoring of TPH in coastal regions to provide information about concentrations, sources, and potential risks due to the exposure of the population and biota to those pollutants.</p>

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Determination and Risk Assessment of n-Alkanes in Crayfish (Penaeus notialis), Water, and Sediment from Araromi Beach, Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya,
  • Ayodeji Samson Bagbe,
  • Tinuola Mary Akinola,
  • Olasimbo Dorcas Owolabi,
  • Ayodele Olakitan Owolanke,
  • Adekunle Ayomide Adesina

摘要

This study aimed to assess the levels of n-alkanes (a subset of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, TPHs) in sediment, crayfish (Penaeus notialis), and water samples collected from Araromi Beach, Nigeria. Crayfish samples were preserved using freeze-drying to minimize analyte loss, homogenized, and extracted using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane. Water samples were processed using Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), while sediment samples underwent Soxhlet extraction followed by silica gel cleanup. Hydrocarbon identification and quantification were performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed the presence of 23 n-alkane congeners across all samples, with crayfish exhibiting the highest total concentration (62.80 µg/g), followed by water (16.95 µg/L) and sediment (4.22 µg/g). Among the detected hydrocarbons, Octadecane (8.35 µg/g) showed the highest concentration in crayfish, while Dodecane (0.51 µg/g) was predominant in sediment. Bioaccumulation analysis indicated that crayfish absorbed significantly higher levels of n-alkanes than water and sediment, suggesting the potential for human health risks from seafood consumption. A risk assessment showed that Eicosane posed the highest hazard quotient (HQ = 0.0528) for children’s ingestion, which is well below the threshold for significant risk, indicating no immediate health concerns. These findings support the necessity of environmental monitoring of TPH in coastal regions to provide information about concentrations, sources, and potential risks due to the exposure of the population and biota to those pollutants.