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<p>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising technology for simultaneous wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation. This study investigates the performance of a single-chamber MFC utilizing a novel pyrolyzed plant-based material incorporated (PPMI) anode, modified with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), to enhance electrochemical activity. Reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate and sewage wastewater (SW) were combined in different ratios and used as substrates in 3 MFC setups. The PPMI anode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze surface morphology, elemental composition, and functional groups before and after MFC operation. The experimental results demonstrated that MFCs equipped with the PPMI anode exhibited significantly improved performance compared to those using commercial carbon anodes. The maximum voltage of 865&#xa0;mV and a peak power density of 300 mW/m<sup>2</sup> were observed in the MFC setup with 75% RO wastewater and a PPMI anode. Furthermore, pollutant removal efficiencies were notably higher in MFCs using PPMI anodes, achieving up to 92% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and 85% total dissolved solids (TDS) removal after three treatment cycles. These findings indicate that the PPMI anode effectively enhances bacterial adhesion, promotes electron transfer, and improves overall MFC performance. The study highlights the potential of integrating pyrolyzed plant-based anode materials with MFC technology for efficient wastewater treatment and sustainable energy production. However, further optimization is required to enhance scalability and long-term operational stability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Performance Assessment of Microbial Fuel Cells Utilizing Reverse Osmosis Concentrate and Sewage Wastewater in Conjunction with Palmyra Palm Male Inflorescence Anodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Kumar Sonu,
  • Monika Sogani,
  • Manoj Kumar Tiwari,
  • Zainab Syed,
  • Karishma Maheshwari

摘要

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising technology for simultaneous wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation. This study investigates the performance of a single-chamber MFC utilizing a novel pyrolyzed plant-based material incorporated (PPMI) anode, modified with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), to enhance electrochemical activity. Reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate and sewage wastewater (SW) were combined in different ratios and used as substrates in 3 MFC setups. The PPMI anode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze surface morphology, elemental composition, and functional groups before and after MFC operation. The experimental results demonstrated that MFCs equipped with the PPMI anode exhibited significantly improved performance compared to those using commercial carbon anodes. The maximum voltage of 865 mV and a peak power density of 300 mW/m2 were observed in the MFC setup with 75% RO wastewater and a PPMI anode. Furthermore, pollutant removal efficiencies were notably higher in MFCs using PPMI anodes, achieving up to 92% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and 85% total dissolved solids (TDS) removal after three treatment cycles. These findings indicate that the PPMI anode effectively enhances bacterial adhesion, promotes electron transfer, and improves overall MFC performance. The study highlights the potential of integrating pyrolyzed plant-based anode materials with MFC technology for efficient wastewater treatment and sustainable energy production. However, further optimization is required to enhance scalability and long-term operational stability.

Graphical Abstract