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<p>This study seeks to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB) dyes and pharmaceutical antibiotics ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and moxifloxacin (MOX) using ZnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and the Ag–ZnO<sub>2</sub> composite-photocatalyst prepared through precipitation and reduction techniques respectively. Different techniques were used to characterize the photocatalysts. The results demonstrate that the novel composite-photocatalyst outperforms ZnO<sub>2</sub> in the degradation of MB, RhB, Cipro and MOX. This superiority is ascribed to enhanced separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers and thus contributing to narrowing of bandgap energy, resulting in degradation rates of 99.3% for MB and 98.3% for RhB within 60&#xa0;min and 97.1% for MOX and 99.0% for Cipro in 45 and 30&#xa0;min respectively under UV light exposure. Under sunlight irradiation, the composite-photocatalyst achieves degradation rate of 62.3% for MB, 98.7% for RhB within 120&#xa0;min, and 85.7% for MOX within 60&#xa0;min. Scavenging studies were also conducted that suggest hydroxyl radical (•OH) are primarily responsible for breakdown of hazardous pollutants. Using HR-MS method, MB degradation pathway was investigated, and toxicity evaluation was performed with ECOSAR program. This study introduces novel Ag–ZnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite for first time as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants.</p> Graphical abstact <p></p>

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Ag-Capped Zinc Peroxide (Ag–ZnO₂) Nanocomposite: An Efficient Heterostructure Photocatalyst for the Environmental Remediation of Organic Dyes and Pharmaceuticals Antibiotics Under UV and Sunlight Irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • Ishtiaq Manzoor,
  • R. Vijayaraghavan

摘要

This study seeks to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB) dyes and pharmaceutical antibiotics ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and moxifloxacin (MOX) using ZnO2 nanoparticles and the Ag–ZnO2 composite-photocatalyst prepared through precipitation and reduction techniques respectively. Different techniques were used to characterize the photocatalysts. The results demonstrate that the novel composite-photocatalyst outperforms ZnO2 in the degradation of MB, RhB, Cipro and MOX. This superiority is ascribed to enhanced separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers and thus contributing to narrowing of bandgap energy, resulting in degradation rates of 99.3% for MB and 98.3% for RhB within 60 min and 97.1% for MOX and 99.0% for Cipro in 45 and 30 min respectively under UV light exposure. Under sunlight irradiation, the composite-photocatalyst achieves degradation rate of 62.3% for MB, 98.7% for RhB within 120 min, and 85.7% for MOX within 60 min. Scavenging studies were also conducted that suggest hydroxyl radical (•OH) are primarily responsible for breakdown of hazardous pollutants. Using HR-MS method, MB degradation pathway was investigated, and toxicity evaluation was performed with ECOSAR program. This study introduces novel Ag–ZnO2 nanocomposite for first time as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants.

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