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<p>There has been a consistent rise in the utilization of resources from Lake Kariba, Zambia over the years. Monitoring the health of the aquatic ecosystem is crucial to assess the potential impacts on public health. This study presents the first assessment of the levels and risks associated with organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in the surface water and sediment of Lake Kariba in Zambia. Four sediments and twenty-two surface water samples were collected from twelve sites downstream in April 2024. Modified QuEChERS and solid phase extraction (SPE) were used to extract the sediment and water samples, respectively, and GC-µECD detector was used for analysis. A total of fourteen OCPs were detected in the water and twelve in sediment samples with total concentrations ranging from 0.022 to 3.119 ng mL<sup>− 1</sup> and 30.22–112.7 ng g<sup>− 1</sup> respectively. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolites were most common in sediment samples, whereas hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers were most common in water samples. According to the risk assessment study, children’s life average daily doses (LADD) of endrin and δ-HCH were marginally higher than the USEPA upper limit of 10<sup>− 6</sup>, suggesting that these OCPs may pose a lifetime risk of cancer. In conclusion, the results of this study underscore the importance of consistently monitoring OCP levels in the Lake to detect trends over time. Additionally, they offer insights into the possible health effects of the identified compounds, assisting policymakers in implementing OCP reduction strategies in line with the objectives of the Stockholm Convention.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Presence and Risk Assessment of Legacy Organochlorine Pesticides Residue in Water and Sediments from Lake Kariba: Implications for Multiple Uses of the Lake

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Abigail Mbozi,
  • Heidi Richards,
  • Lawrence M. Madikizela,
  • Kawawa Banda,
  • Hlanganani Tutu,
  • Imasiku Nyambe,
  • Luke Chimuka

摘要

There has been a consistent rise in the utilization of resources from Lake Kariba, Zambia over the years. Monitoring the health of the aquatic ecosystem is crucial to assess the potential impacts on public health. This study presents the first assessment of the levels and risks associated with organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in the surface water and sediment of Lake Kariba in Zambia. Four sediments and twenty-two surface water samples were collected from twelve sites downstream in April 2024. Modified QuEChERS and solid phase extraction (SPE) were used to extract the sediment and water samples, respectively, and GC-µECD detector was used for analysis. A total of fourteen OCPs were detected in the water and twelve in sediment samples with total concentrations ranging from 0.022 to 3.119 ng mL− 1 and 30.22–112.7 ng g− 1 respectively. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolites were most common in sediment samples, whereas hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers were most common in water samples. According to the risk assessment study, children’s life average daily doses (LADD) of endrin and δ-HCH were marginally higher than the USEPA upper limit of 10− 6, suggesting that these OCPs may pose a lifetime risk of cancer. In conclusion, the results of this study underscore the importance of consistently monitoring OCP levels in the Lake to detect trends over time. Additionally, they offer insights into the possible health effects of the identified compounds, assisting policymakers in implementing OCP reduction strategies in line with the objectives of the Stockholm Convention.

Graphical Abstract