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<p>The depletion of fossil fuel resources and price variations threaten the global economy, making the use of sustainable energy sources imperative. Fossil fuels can be replaced by carbon–neutral fuels, such as bio-oil obtained from biomass pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and plastic efficiently improves bio-oil quality, as plastic facilitates deoxygenation. This paper examines the synergy between biomass and plastic waste through pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis processes, providing an in-depth analysis of recent advances, challenges, and future recommendations. Various biomass conversion technologies are discussed, emphasizing pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis as effective methods for managing solid waste. The features and applicability of several reactor technologies utilized in co-pyrolysis have been highlighted. The role of catalysts in biomass-plastic co-pyrolysis is examined, shedding light on their influence on product yield and quality. Furthermore, the study explores the mechanism of co-pyrolysis and the interaction between biomass and plastic molecules. It advocates investigating the interconnection between combustible gases and the quality of liquid oil. The study identifies existing challenges and provides useful recommendations for future research in this critical field.</p>

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Progress in Biomass-Plastic Copyrolysis: Thermochemical Conversion Techniques, Reaction Kinetics, Synergistic Mechanisms, and Reactor Design Innovations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Mumtaj Shah,
  • Khurseed B. Ansari,
  • Sanjay Singh

摘要

The depletion of fossil fuel resources and price variations threaten the global economy, making the use of sustainable energy sources imperative. Fossil fuels can be replaced by carbon–neutral fuels, such as bio-oil obtained from biomass pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and plastic efficiently improves bio-oil quality, as plastic facilitates deoxygenation. This paper examines the synergy between biomass and plastic waste through pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis processes, providing an in-depth analysis of recent advances, challenges, and future recommendations. Various biomass conversion technologies are discussed, emphasizing pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis as effective methods for managing solid waste. The features and applicability of several reactor technologies utilized in co-pyrolysis have been highlighted. The role of catalysts in biomass-plastic co-pyrolysis is examined, shedding light on their influence on product yield and quality. Furthermore, the study explores the mechanism of co-pyrolysis and the interaction between biomass and plastic molecules. It advocates investigating the interconnection between combustible gases and the quality of liquid oil. The study identifies existing challenges and provides useful recommendations for future research in this critical field.