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<p>Peat fires are recognized as a serious environmental problem in Indonesia and have a significant impact on both regional and global scales. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants that are formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter. The concentration and persistence of PAHs in post-fire soils are critical factors that must be thoroughly assessed. However, analyzing PAHs in peat soils is challenging, due to high organic content that can interfere with detection. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable GC/MS-based method for determining PAH in tropical peats and to evaluate PAHs at peat fire sites. The optimization of the method using PAH-spiked samples demonstrated that dichloromethane (DCM) was the optimal extraction solvent. Furthermore, the alkaline extraction significantly increased the recovery of PAHs. The post-fire PAH concentrations increased after peat fires, which were strongly associated with PAHs with three to four aromatic rings. The observation of temporal changes in PAHs at the same site indicated that PAHs produced by peat fires were retained in the burned sites for extended periods. Notably, a strong linear relationship was observed between Δ<i>a</i>* soil color values and concentrations of 3–4 ring PAHs, suggesting that soil color can serve as a practical indicator of PAH contamination. This study has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of the behavior and risks of PAHs in post-fire peatlands in the future.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Post-Fire Residual PAHs in Tropical Peats of Indonesia Using Optimized Analytical Methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • Kazuto Sazawa,
  • Keisuke Hirota,
  • Reina Yoshiara,
  • Junya Abe,
  • Yoshiki Hara,
  • Masaaki Kurasaki,
  • Takeshi Saito,
  • Yustiawati Yustiawati,
  • M. Suhaemi Syawal,
  • Hideki Kuramitz

摘要

Peat fires are recognized as a serious environmental problem in Indonesia and have a significant impact on both regional and global scales. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants that are formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter. The concentration and persistence of PAHs in post-fire soils are critical factors that must be thoroughly assessed. However, analyzing PAHs in peat soils is challenging, due to high organic content that can interfere with detection. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable GC/MS-based method for determining PAH in tropical peats and to evaluate PAHs at peat fire sites. The optimization of the method using PAH-spiked samples demonstrated that dichloromethane (DCM) was the optimal extraction solvent. Furthermore, the alkaline extraction significantly increased the recovery of PAHs. The post-fire PAH concentrations increased after peat fires, which were strongly associated with PAHs with three to four aromatic rings. The observation of temporal changes in PAHs at the same site indicated that PAHs produced by peat fires were retained in the burned sites for extended periods. Notably, a strong linear relationship was observed between Δa* soil color values and concentrations of 3–4 ring PAHs, suggesting that soil color can serve as a practical indicator of PAH contamination. This study has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of the behavior and risks of PAHs in post-fire peatlands in the future.

Graphical abstract