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<p>This study examines Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) contamination in urban dust from five cities in Iran’s Sistan region. Sampling of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) was performed using a high volume dust sampler. An Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) was used for analysis of toxic metals. Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Index(PI) and Cancer Risk(CR) index of toxic elements were calculated and evaluated. Results showed Manganese (Mn) has highest concentration of (2338/43 µg/m³) followed by chromium (410.45&#xa0;µg/m³) while, arsenic (As), had a relatively low mean concentration (28/69 µg/m³). EF calculations revealed moderate enrichment for arsenic (EF = 2.8), chromium (EF = 2.3), and vanadium (EF = 2.1), while most other elements showed minimal enrichment (EF &lt; 2). PI results indicated moderate pollution for arsenic (PI = 1.6), chromium (PI = 1.4), copper (PI = 1.1), vanadium (PI = 1.3), and zinc (PI = 1.1). The cancer risk assessments showed that chromium posing the greatest risk (mean cancer risk ranging from 0.02 to 0.07). Spatial analysis revealed Zabol and Zahak had slightly higher overall exposure levels. This study provides a foundation for environmental management in the Sistan region, highlighting the interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors in urban geochemistry. </p>

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Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination in Dust of Sistan Region, Iran: Spatial Distribution, Source Identification, and Health Risk Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月5日

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  • Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Tabib Loghmani,
  • Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkha,
  • Ahmad Sharafati,
  • Aminreza Neshat

摘要

This study examines Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) contamination in urban dust from five cities in Iran’s Sistan region. Sampling of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) was performed using a high volume dust sampler. An Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) was used for analysis of toxic metals. Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Index(PI) and Cancer Risk(CR) index of toxic elements were calculated and evaluated. Results showed Manganese (Mn) has highest concentration of (2338/43 µg/m³) followed by chromium (410.45 µg/m³) while, arsenic (As), had a relatively low mean concentration (28/69 µg/m³). EF calculations revealed moderate enrichment for arsenic (EF = 2.8), chromium (EF = 2.3), and vanadium (EF = 2.1), while most other elements showed minimal enrichment (EF < 2). PI results indicated moderate pollution for arsenic (PI = 1.6), chromium (PI = 1.4), copper (PI = 1.1), vanadium (PI = 1.3), and zinc (PI = 1.1). The cancer risk assessments showed that chromium posing the greatest risk (mean cancer risk ranging from 0.02 to 0.07). Spatial analysis revealed Zabol and Zahak had slightly higher overall exposure levels. This study provides a foundation for environmental management in the Sistan region, highlighting the interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors in urban geochemistry.