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<p>This study examined heavy metal contamination in farmland near Chakan, Pune, across dry and wet seasons by assessing metal concentrations in soil and plants irrigated with industrial-contaminated water from eight stations between May-July 2023. Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed using multivariate analysis techniques. Zn levels in spinach (SWS3) were within safe limits, while Cr (12.76–13.02&#xa0;mg/kg) and Ni (8.6–9.6&#xa0;mg/kg) in <i>Mimosa pudica</i> (SWS4) exceeded WHO/FAO thresholds. Pb levels in <i>Mimosa pudica</i> (SWS4) also exceeded safety limits. Soil analysis showed highest concentration of Cr observed at SWS3 in May and July, while Zn remained stable. Water samples at WS4 had the highest Cr levels (0.011–0.012&#xa0;mg/L). BCF values exceeding 1 were observed in <i>Mimosa pudica</i> and cauliflower, though metal uptake was not significantly correlated with soil concentrations. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values for Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in spinach (SWS3) and cauliflower (CWS4) exceeded reference doses, especially for children. THQ analysis identified Cr and Ni as the most hazardous metals, posing carcinogenic risks. In contrast, medicinal plants (<i>Bryophyllum pinnatum</i>,<i> Aloe barbadensis</i> Miller) and <i>Pearl millet</i> (PMWS5) showed lower contamination levels. These findings emphasize the need for monitoring and mitigation to ensure food safety.</p>

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Assessing Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risks in Crop/Vegetables/Medicinal Plants Irrigated with Industrial Wastewater: A Multi-Analytical Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Anuradha Mulik,
  • Kartikey Jagtap

摘要

This study examined heavy metal contamination in farmland near Chakan, Pune, across dry and wet seasons by assessing metal concentrations in soil and plants irrigated with industrial-contaminated water from eight stations between May-July 2023. Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed using multivariate analysis techniques. Zn levels in spinach (SWS3) were within safe limits, while Cr (12.76–13.02 mg/kg) and Ni (8.6–9.6 mg/kg) in Mimosa pudica (SWS4) exceeded WHO/FAO thresholds. Pb levels in Mimosa pudica (SWS4) also exceeded safety limits. Soil analysis showed highest concentration of Cr observed at SWS3 in May and July, while Zn remained stable. Water samples at WS4 had the highest Cr levels (0.011–0.012 mg/L). BCF values exceeding 1 were observed in Mimosa pudica and cauliflower, though metal uptake was not significantly correlated with soil concentrations. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values for Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in spinach (SWS3) and cauliflower (CWS4) exceeded reference doses, especially for children. THQ analysis identified Cr and Ni as the most hazardous metals, posing carcinogenic risks. In contrast, medicinal plants (Bryophyllum pinnatum, Aloe barbadensis Miller) and Pearl millet (PMWS5) showed lower contamination levels. These findings emphasize the need for monitoring and mitigation to ensure food safety.