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<p>Antibiotic contaminants, such as amoxicillin (AMO), in wastewater pose significant environmental and public health risks. This study investigates the adsorption of AMO onto chemically modified rich silica sand (MRSS) from Iraq, enhanced with KOH, to improve its adsorption capacity. Adsorbent characterization, kinetic modeling, and thermodynamic analyses were conducted to evaluate its performance. Under optimal conditions (pH 3, stirring speed 200&#xa0;rpm, contact time 3&#xa0;h), the adsorption capacity reached 21.37&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>, with a removal efficiency of 94.6%, aligning closely with the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic analysis confirmed the pseudo-second-order model as the best fit (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9837), signifying the dominance of chemisorption. Thermodynamic results demonstrated that the process is favorable, spontaneous (negative ΔG° values), exothermic (negative ΔH° values), and associated with increased randomness (positive ΔS°) at the solid-solute interface. Desorption experiments revealed that HNO₃ effectively disrupted antibiotic-adsorbent interactions, validating the potential for reuse. Limitations include the adsorption efficiency's dependence on temperature and pH conditions. MRSS presents a sustainable and efficient solution for eliminating AMO from wastewater. However, further studies are recommended to explore its application in fixed bed column systems as a scalable water treatment method, bridging laboratory results to real-world implementations. </p>

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Enhanced Amoxicillin Adsorption from Wastewater Using KOH-Modified Iraqi Silica Sand: Characterization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Erfan Burhan Hussein,
  • Farouk Abdullah Rasheed

摘要

Antibiotic contaminants, such as amoxicillin (AMO), in wastewater pose significant environmental and public health risks. This study investigates the adsorption of AMO onto chemically modified rich silica sand (MRSS) from Iraq, enhanced with KOH, to improve its adsorption capacity. Adsorbent characterization, kinetic modeling, and thermodynamic analyses were conducted to evaluate its performance. Under optimal conditions (pH 3, stirring speed 200 rpm, contact time 3 h), the adsorption capacity reached 21.37 mg g⁻1, with a removal efficiency of 94.6%, aligning closely with the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic analysis confirmed the pseudo-second-order model as the best fit (R2 = 0.9837), signifying the dominance of chemisorption. Thermodynamic results demonstrated that the process is favorable, spontaneous (negative ΔG° values), exothermic (negative ΔH° values), and associated with increased randomness (positive ΔS°) at the solid-solute interface. Desorption experiments revealed that HNO₃ effectively disrupted antibiotic-adsorbent interactions, validating the potential for reuse. Limitations include the adsorption efficiency's dependence on temperature and pH conditions. MRSS presents a sustainable and efficient solution for eliminating AMO from wastewater. However, further studies are recommended to explore its application in fixed bed column systems as a scalable water treatment method, bridging laboratory results to real-world implementations.