Du Coup Versus Bon: A Contrastive Study in a French/Beninese/Ghanaian Corpus of Spoken French
摘要
The rise in the use of du coup in spoken French in France has been confirmed by scientific research. This study has a two-fold objective: to find out if the rise in the use of du coup in France is true for other francophone contexts, namely Benin, and thereby compare its use in these two varieties of French. The second objective is to examine the use of du coup by French learners from Ghana who participated in an immersion programme in France and Benin. A comparative corpus (24,098 words) of oral interactions in pairs between 50 speakers of French in their respective groups (Benin, France, Ghana) was constituted and analysed using a corpus-driven approach. The statistical analysis of the study found the use of du coup by the French statistically significant as compared to French learners (p = 0.003) and Beninese (p = 0.033). Du coup is absent in the immersion student’s data and has a low frequency in the Beninese corpus. A qualitative study shows bon replaces certain functions of du coup primarily in Beninese and Benin immersion student’s corpus. The use of bon by Beninese and Benin immersion students corroborates research concerning a high use of bon in Francophone Africa particularly Mali. It could also signal a possible acquisition by Benin immersion students. However, statistically speaking, its use is not significant. The widespread use of du coup in French spoken in France does not seem to have affected other contexts outside France, at least in our corpus.