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<p>We analyze manifestations of online antisemitism in German-language Twitter discourse on Jews and Israel between 2019 and 2022. Manually annotated random samples of more than 8000 tweets provide insights into how Jewish life and Israel were discussed on social media in German-speaking contexts prior to October&#xa0;7, 2023.</p><p>Although only a&#xa0;small proportion of the comments—312 messages, or approximately four percent—were classified as antisemitic according to the IHRA definition of antisemitism, they reveal a&#xa0;wide range of forms of antisemitism. This indicates that many of the accusations directed at Israel after October&#xa0;7, 2023 were already present beforehand.</p><p>However, posts labeled as non-antisemitic also reflect a&#xa0;wide range of aspects and perspectives through which Jewish life and antisemitism are discussed in Germany. One topic was the Shoah, which in some cases involved questionable comparisons, for example between the persecution of Jews under National Socialism and contemporary issues. Examples include public criticism of individuals opposing measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived discrimination among Muslims or AfD sympathizers, as well as the suffering of Palestinians. Another topic was antisemitism itself and its condemnation, mostly in general terms, but occasionally in reference to a&#xa0;specific statement or action. A&#xa0;key finding of the study is that most online discourses using the terms “Juden” (“Jews”) or “Israel” engaged in some way with antisemitism in the past or present, while the everyday lives of Jews and Israelis played a&#xa0;subordinate role.</p>

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Antisemitische Diskurse in deutschen Tweets vor dem 7. Oktober 2023. Eine Analyse von Online-Kommunikationen über ‚Juden‘ und ‚Israel‘ von 2019 bis 2022 auf Twitter

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Katharina Soemer,
  • Daniel Miehling,
  • Günther Jikeli

摘要

We analyze manifestations of online antisemitism in German-language Twitter discourse on Jews and Israel between 2019 and 2022. Manually annotated random samples of more than 8000 tweets provide insights into how Jewish life and Israel were discussed on social media in German-speaking contexts prior to October 7, 2023.

Although only a small proportion of the comments—312 messages, or approximately four percent—were classified as antisemitic according to the IHRA definition of antisemitism, they reveal a wide range of forms of antisemitism. This indicates that many of the accusations directed at Israel after October 7, 2023 were already present beforehand.

However, posts labeled as non-antisemitic also reflect a wide range of aspects and perspectives through which Jewish life and antisemitism are discussed in Germany. One topic was the Shoah, which in some cases involved questionable comparisons, for example between the persecution of Jews under National Socialism and contemporary issues. Examples include public criticism of individuals opposing measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived discrimination among Muslims or AfD sympathizers, as well as the suffering of Palestinians. Another topic was antisemitism itself and its condemnation, mostly in general terms, but occasionally in reference to a specific statement or action. A key finding of the study is that most online discourses using the terms “Juden” (“Jews”) or “Israel” engaged in some way with antisemitism in the past or present, while the everyday lives of Jews and Israelis played a subordinate role.